Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35346687›Full record

ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry2022

Understanding the physical basis of memory: Molecular mechanisms of the engram.

Clara Ortega-de San Luis, Tomás J Ryan

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. The Role of Meprins on the Brain Extracellular Matrix and Perineuronal Nets.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Reductionism in Engram Neuroscience.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Role of CPEBs in Learning and Memory.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Nematode mind: exploring the role of the RNA interference pathway in learning, memory and beyond.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Clara Ortega-de San LuisSchool of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: ortegadc@tcd.ie.
Tomás J RyanSchool of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: tomas.ryan@tcd.ie.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Memory, defined as the storage and use of learned information in the brain, is necessary to modulate behavior and critical for animals to adapt to their environments and survive. Despite being a cornerstone of brain function, questions surrounding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how information is encoded, stored, and recalled remain largely unanswered. One widely held theory is that an engram is formed by a group of neurons that are active during learning, which undergoes biochemical and physical changes to store information in a stable state, and that are later reactivated during recall of the memory. In the past decade, the development of engram labeling methodologies has proven useful to investigate the biology of memory at the molecular and cellular levels. Engram technology allows the study of individual memories associated with particular experiences and their evolution over time, with enough experimental resolution to discriminate between different memory processes: learning (encoding), consolidation (the passage from short-term to long-term memories), and storage (the maintenance of memory in the brain). Here, we review the current understanding of memory formation at a molecular and cellular level by focusing on insights provided using engram technology.

Indexed as

LearningMemoryAnimalsBrainNeuronscodeengrammemorymolecular mechanismplasticitysynapse

Identifiers

PMID35346687
PMCPMC9065729

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.