ArticleAIDS research and therapy2022
The role of health facility and individual level characteristics on medication adherence among PLHIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Ethiopia: use of multi-level model.
Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Associated With ART Nonadherence Among 15 Years and Older South Africans. Evidence From the 2022 Cross-Sectional Population-Based Household Survey.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Article
- Determinants of Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment in a Public Primary Healthcare Clinic in South Africa: Improving the Quality of Long-Term Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Determinants of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among displaced people living with HIV and comparison with host populations: a cross-sectional study in Ituri and North Kivu.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMedication adherence plays a pivotal role in achieving the desired treatment outcomes. The proportion of HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy is becoming a growing public health concern. However, to date, little attention has been given to second-line antiretroviral medication adherence. Moreover, the association between health facility characteristics and medication adherence has yet not been tested. Thus, this research was conducted to determine the magnitude of medication adherence and examine the role of facility-level determinants among HIV patients on second-line ART.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 714 HIV patients on second-line therapy who were selected via systematic random sampling in twenty public health facilities. Medication adherence was measured using the six-item Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) tool. Data were collected in a personal interview as well as document reviews. A multi-level binary logistic regression was used to uncover individual and facility-level determinants. The effect size was presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05.
resultsThe magnitude of optimal medication adherence among HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy was 69.5% (65.9-72.7%). Medication adherence was positively associated with the use of adherence reminder methods [AOR = 3.37, (95% CI 2.03-5.62)], having social support [AOR = 1.11, (95% CI 1.02-1.23)], and not having clinical depression [AOR = 3.19, (95% CI 1.93-5.27). The number of adherence counselors [AOR = 1.20, (95% CI 1.04-1.40)], teamwork for enhanced adherence support [AOR = 1.82, (95% CI 1.01-3.42)], and caseloads at ART clinics were all significantly correlated with ARV medication adherence at the facility level.
conclusionsA large proportion of HIV patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy had adherence problems. Both facility-level and individual-level were linked with patient medication adherence. Thus, based on the identified factors, individual and system-level interventions should be targeted.
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