ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2022
Key Players of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered macrophages with IL-10-TLR9 signal switch receptors for reprogramming tumor microenvironment and enhancing antitumor immunity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier-based delivery of Pt(IV) compounds for chemoimmunotherapy and theranostics: Advances, challenges, and prospects.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Autophagy Inhibition by Fangji Huangqi Decoction Enhances Tumor Immunogenicity and Potentiates PD-1 Blockade.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing in ovarian cancer: decoding the tumor microenvironment for personalized therapy.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
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- Rewiring tumor cytokine networks to enhance immune checkpoint blockade: mechanisms, engineering, and clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Immune landscape of melanoma: Tumor microenvironment, resistance mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages therapy for glioblastoma: challenges and opportunities from preclinical evidence to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Engineering with EP2/EP4 knockout and IL-15 transpresentation renders stem cell-derived NK cells self-persistent and resistant to PGE2 inhibition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Photodynamic therapy remodels cutaneous tumor immunity: innate priming, suppressive feedback, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment conversion through intelligent nanomedicine: a paradigm shift in overcoming chemoresistance.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Ultrasound medicine in the era of precision theranostics: Mechanisms, molecular strategies, and clinical translation.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell competition within breast tumor microenvironment: emerging role of cancer stem cells and immune cells in tumor progression and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Case Report: An exceptional response to a novel immunotherapy-based combination treatment for resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with recurrence to the abdominal wall.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment: integrating cellular, metabolic, and stromal targets for rational immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunometabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment: Dual Role in Modulating Anti-Tumor Immunity and Tumor Progression.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Review
- Review
- Global research trends in CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex, dynamic battlefield for both immune cells and tumor cells. The advent of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) since 2011, such as the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death receptor (PD)-(L)1 antibodies, provided powerful weapons in the arsenal of cancer treatments, demonstrating unprecedented durable responses for patients with many types of advanced cancers. However, the response rate is generally low across tumor types and a substantial number of patients develop acquired resistance. These primary or acquired resistance are attributed to various immunosuppressive elements (soluble and cellular factors) and alternative immune checkpoints in the TME. Therefore, a better understanding of the TME is absolutely essential to develop therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance. Numerous clinical studies are underway using ICIs and additional agents that are tailored to the characteristics of the tumor or the TME. Some of the combination treatments are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as platinum-doublet chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) -targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) combined with anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies or immuno-immuno combinations (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1). In this review, we will discuss the key immunosuppressive cells, metabolites, cytokines or chemokines, and hypoxic conditions in the TME that contribute to tumor immune escape and the prospect of relevant clinical trials by targeting these elements in combination with ICIs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.