ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2022
Average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF) for CEST imaging.
Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Quantitative Consistency of Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI for Brain Tumor Differentiation: Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2026Pooled it
- A rapid and accurate guanidine CEST imaging in ischemic stroke using a machine learning approach.Physics in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney: applications and challenges.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- A rapid method for phosphocreatine-weighted imaging in muscle using double saturation power-chemical exchange saturation transfer.NMR in biomedicine · 2024Article
- Specific and rapid guanidinium CEST imaging using double saturation power and QUASS analysis in a rodent model of global ischemia.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Adjustment of rotation and saturation effects (AROSE) for CEST imaging.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2024Article
- Radiofrequency labeling strategies in chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI.NMR in biomedicine · 2023Review
- Average saturation efficiency filter ASEF-CEST MRI of stroke rodents.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2023Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
purposeEndogenous CEST signal usually has low specificity due to contamination from the magnetization transfer effect and from fast exchanging labile protons with close Larmor frequencies. We propose to improve CEST signal specificity with an average saturation efficiency filter (ASEF).
methodsASEF measures the difference between CEST signals acquired with similar average irradiation power but largely different duty cycles (DC), for example, a continuous wave or a high DC pulse train versus a low DC one. Simulation and Cr phantom studies were performed to evaluate the characteristics of ASEF for CEST.
resultsTheoretical and simulation studies show that ASEF can suppress fast exchanging processes, with only a small loss of chemical exchange contrast for slow-to-intermediate exchange rates if the difference in DC is large. In the RF offset range of 2 to 5 ppm with an averaged saturation power of 0.8 and 1.6 microteslas, there is a mismatch of ∼0.1% to 2% in the magnetization transfer signal between saturation by continuous wave and a pulse train with DC = 15% and pulse duration of 24 ms, respectively. This mismatch can be minimized by careful selection of saturation power, pulse duration, and DC differences or by applying a small fudge factor between the 2 irradiation powers. Phantom studies of Cr confirmed that ASEF can minimize the magnetization transfer effect and reduce sensitivity to fast exchange processes.
conclusionASEF can improve the specificity of slow-to-intermediate exchanging CEST signal with a relatively small loss of sensitivity.
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