SynthesisTrauma, violence & abuse2023
A Systematic Review Exploring Variables Related to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Violence Contexts.
Synthesis in Trauma, violence & abuse, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bystander interventions against gender-based violence and harassment in the workplace: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Bystanders Responses in Cases of Violence Against Women: Categories and Gender Differences.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- When are bystanders more likely and confident to act: Validation of the Bystanders to Alcohol Risk Scales-Willingness and self-efficacy.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- An Exploration of Victim Blaming and Bystander Intervention in the Context of Image-Based Sexual Abuse: A Scoping Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- "I Don't Know for Certain": A Content Analysis of Reddit Posters' Accounts of Drink Spiking.Violence against women · 2026Article
- Barriers to action: behavioral determinants of bystander intervention in medical emergencies - a scoping review.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- [Experiences of sexual violence, bystander perspectives, and disclosure among young people-results of the 10th wave of the representative survey "Youth Sexuality"].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- The See It to Stop It Indicator Tool to Identify Child Sex Trafficking: Acceptability, Feasibility, Utility, and Outcomes.Journal of child sexual abuse · 2026Article
- Can Brief Empathy Training Increase Sexual Harassment Bystander Intervention Intentions?Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Qualitative Vignette Study of Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Bystanders in Racism in the Higher Education Context in Finland.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- Understanding Bystander's Response and Intentions in Non-Consensual Sexting: Insights from the Theory of Normative Social Behavior.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Bystanders' Intention to Intervene in a Street Harassment Scenario: The Effects of Personal and Situational Factors.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- To Intervene or Not to Intervene: An Experimental Methodology Measuring Actual Bystander Behaviour.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Event-level effects of alcohol, cannabis, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use on bystander intentions in response to hypothetical situations among college women.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Bystander assessments for hazardous alcohol use: Qualitative methods for item development informed by bystander theory.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Intention to Act: Predicting Bystander Intervention in Violent Situations in South Korea.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2025Article
- Willingness to help women victims of intimate partner violence in a Spanish context: Differential factors, interactions and predictors.PloS one · 2024Article
- Gender equitable attitudes as a significant mediator of bystander intentions among sexual minority adolescents.Journal of adolescence · 2023Article
- The Questionnaire of Intention to Help in VAW Cases (QIHVC): Development and preliminary results.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Personal Traits of the People Who Help: The Case of Bystanders to Violence against Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article presents a systematic review of the available literature which has investigated the role of key variables in facilitating or inhibiting bystander intervention (including direct intervention, tertiary and secondary prevention) in sexual violence (SV) contexts. Studies exploring the role of individual, situational and contextual variables were grouped to provide a narrative overview of bystanders' personal characteristics as well as the immediate and wider contexts which may be influencing their bystander behaviour. A systematic search of published literature from four electronic databases identified 2526 articles that were screened, of which 85 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused upon the role of individual variables, in particular gender of bystander. This body of work finds females are more likely to intervene than males; however, not all studies report these differences and in some cases, this is influenced by the type of intervention behaviour being considered. Regarding situational variables, the most commonly researched variable was the presence of other bystanders, although the role of this variable as inhibiting or facilitating was not clear. Finally, the most commonly researched contextual variable was social norms towards intervention, which has consistently shown greater bystander intervention when there is a belief that peers support such behaviour. Very few studies considered the interaction between these variables. Therefore, it is important for future research to consider this gap in the literature so that we can obtain a more well-rounded understanding of variables that can inhibit and facilitate bystander intervention in SV contexts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.