ArticleHealth services research2023
Racial and ethnic disparities in access to and enrollment in high-quality Medicare Advantage plans.
Article in Health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prior Authorization Requirements in Medicare Advantage and County Social Vulnerability.The American journal of managed care · 2026Article
- Primary Care Cost Sharing in Medicare Advantage.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Federal Enforcement Actions Against Medicare Advantage Plans.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Article
- Enrollment in Integrated Special Needs Plans Among Dually Eligible Beneficiaries With Serious Mental Illness.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Differences in amyloid PET positivity based on ethnoracial group and social determinants of health: The new IDEAS study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Preliminary Findings of a Chronic Disease Management Program in Medicare Advantage Enrollees with Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Preventive and Chronic Disease Care in Medicare Advantage vs. Traditional Medicare.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Zero-premium Medicare Advantage plans: trends in areas with socioeconomic vulnerability and health needs.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Association of Social Vulnerability and Access to Higher Quality Medicare Advantage Plans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Statin Use With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Survival in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical lung cancer · 2025Article
- Patient-Reported Characteristics Across Dual-Eligible Medicare Advantage Plan Types.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Medicare Advantage Networks Include Few Black Or Hispanic Physicians, Making Concordant Care Inaccessible For Many.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- The extent and burden of high multimorbidity on older adults in the US: a descriptive analysis of Medicare beneficiaries.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Contract Termination and Insurance Enrollment Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Readmission and Frequent Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Traditional Medicare Versus Medicare Advantage.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Medicare Advantage Plan Star Ratings and County Social Vulnerability.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Social Risk Factors and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Resource Utilization Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries With Psychiatric Disorders.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2024Article
- Gaps In Quality Of Care Not Consistent Between Traditional Medicare, Medicare Advantage For Racial And Ethnic Groups.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2024Article
- Enrollment Patterns of Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries by Dental, Vision, and Hearing Benefits.JAMA health forum · 2024Observational
- Racial disparities and socioeconomic factors associated with post-acute rehabilitation facility utilization among Nevadans with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders and extremity fractures: insights of age-friendly and dementia-friendly state planning in U.S.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRacial and ethnic minority enrollees in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans tend to be in lower-quality plans, measured by a 5-star quality rating system. We examine whether differential access to high-rated plans was associated with this differential enrollment in high-rated plans by race and ethnicity among MA enrollees. DATA SOURCES: The Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File and MA Landscape File for 2016. STUDY
designWe first examined county-level MA plan offerings by race and ethnicity. We then examined the association of racial and ethnic differences in enrollment by star rating by controlling for the following different sets of covariates: (1) individual-level characteristics only, and (2) individual-level characteristics and county-level MA plan offerings. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
methodsNot applicable PRINCIPAL
findingsRacial and ethnic minority enrollees had, on average, more MA plans available in their counties of residence compared to White enrollees (16.1, 20.8, 20.2, vs. 15.1 for Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, and White enrollees), but had fewer number of high-rated plans (4-star plans or higher) and/or more number of low-rated plans (3.5-star plans or lower). While racial and ethnic minority enrollees had lower enrollment in 4-4.5 star plans than White enrollees, this difference substantially decreased after accounting for county-level MA plan offerings (-9.1 to -0.5 percentage points for Black enrollees, -15.9 to -5.0 percentage points for Asian/Pacific Islander enrollees, and -12.7 to 0.6 percentage points for Hispanic enrollees). Results for Black enrollees were notable as the racial difference reversed when we limited the analysis to those who live in counties that offer a 5-star plan. After accounting for county-level MA plan offerings, Black enrollees had 3.2 percentage points higher enrollment in 5-star plans than White enrollees.
conclusionsDifferences in enrollment in high-rated MA plans by race and ethnicity may be explained by limited access and not by individual characteristics or enrollment decisions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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