ArticleiScience2022
Identified human breast milk compositions effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and variants infection and replication.
Article in iScience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vivo Assessment of the Potential Protective Effects of Traditional Kumis Against SARS-CoV-2 in a Transgenic Mouse Model.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Vesicle-associated membrane protein 5 is an intrinsic defense factor for embryonic stem cells against coronaviruses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Elective cesarean section and bottle-feeding do not reduce infection of hepatitis B in infants of high viremic mothers: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The gut virome and human health: From diversity to personalized medicine.Engineering microbiology · 2025Review
- Eight-fold increased COVID-19 mortality in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to MUC1 mutations: an observational study.BMC nephrology · 2024Observational
- Effects of Forming Lactoferrin-Milk Protein Complexes on Lactoferrin Functionality and Intestinal Development in Infancy.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Lactoferrin Supplementation in Preventing and Protecting from SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is There Any Role in General and Special Populations? An Updated Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Lactoferrin Binds through Its N-Terminus to the Receptor-Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lysozyme: A Natural Product with Multiple and Useful Antiviral Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The potential of lactoferrin as antiviral and immune-modulating agent in viral infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Recent advances in the exploration and discovery of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory peptides from edible animal proteins.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of bovine lactoferrin during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Milk antibody response after 3iScience · 2023Article
- Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2.Future virology · 2023Review
- Molecular mimicry of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: from the interaction of spike-specific antibodies with transferrin and lactoferrin to the antiviral effects of human recombinant lactoferrin.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 isolation in cell culture from nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva specimens of patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Breastmilk-Old but Not Obsolete: from the Safety of Breastfeeding During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic to Broad Antiviral Drug Development.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2023Article
- Time to Kill and Time to Heal: The Multifaceted Role of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin in Host Defense.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection confers great threat to public health. Human breast milk is a complex nutritional composition to nourish infants and protect them from different kinds of infectious diseases including COVID-19. Here, we identified that lactoferrin (LF), mucin1 (MUC1), and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) from human breast milk inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system and transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (trVLP). In addition, LF and MUC1 inhibited multiple steps including viral attachment, entry, and postentry replication, whereas α-LA inhibited viral attachment and entry. Importantly, LF, MUC1, and α-LA possess potent antiviral activities toward variants such as B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), and B.1.617.1 (kappa). Taken together, our study provides evidence that human breast milk components (LF, MUC1, and α-LA) are promising antiviral and potential therapeutic candidates warranting further development for treating COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.