ArticleNeurotoxicology and teratology
Substance use onset in high-risk 9-13 year-olds in the ABCD study.
Article in Neurotoxicology and teratology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weighted prevalence of biochemically verified substance use in healthy adolescents across the USA.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Longitudinal neurocognitive trajectories in a large cohort of youth who use cannabis: combining self-report and toxicology.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Change in Health Status Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents Living Outside of Tribal Land in California Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Everyday ethnic discrimination and early substance use based on hair samples in high-risk racial/ethnic minority early adolescents.Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Neurocognitive Trajectories in a Large Cohort of Youth Who Use Cannabis: Combining Self-Report and Toxicology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Assessing orbitofrontal cortex volume as a predictor of subjective response to alcohol during early adolescence.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Biochemically-Verified Substance Use in Healthy Adolescents Across the United States: Hair Toxicology Results in the ABCD Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Commercial Cannabidiol for Community-Based Young Adolescents: Predicting Medicinal Use.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Article
- Early life stress and pubertal predictors of subsequent substance use in a national diverse sample of adolescents: Sex and substance type matter.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Functional Brain Connectivity Predictors of Prospective Substance Use Initiation and Their Environmental Correlates.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Childhood Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Attempt Predict Earlier Tobacco and Marijuana Use Initiation During Adolescence.Open journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Amygdala volume and depression symptoms in young adolescents who use cannabis.Behavioural brain research · 2024Article
- Functional brain connectivity predictors of prospective substance use initiation and their environmental correlates.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Neuroendocrine mechanisms in the links between early life stress, affect, and youth substance use: A conceptual model for the study of sex and gender differences.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- Cannabis use and neurocognitive performance at 13-14 Years-Old: Optimizing assessment with hair toxicology in the Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Social Epidemiology of Early Initiation of Electronic and Conventional Cigarette Use in Early to Middle Adolescents.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2024Article
- Higher Neighborhood Crime Rates Don't Always Predict Early Initiation of Tobacco, Marijuana, and Alcohol.Journal of social mathematical & human engineering sciences · 2024Article
- A Comparison of Remote Versus in-Person Assessments of Substance Use and Related Constructs Among Adolescents.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Concordance between substance use self-report and hair analysis in community-based adolescents.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Article
- Substance use patterns in 9 to 13-year-olds: Longitudinal findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimA key aim of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study is to document substance use onset, patterns, and sequelae across adolescent development. However, substance use misreporting can obscure accurate drug use characterization. Hair toxicology provides objective historical substance use data but is rarely used in studies of youth. Here, we compare objective hair toxicology results with self-reported substance use in high-risk youth.
methodsA literature-based substance use risk algorithm prioritized 696 ABCD Study® hair samples from 677 participants for analysis at baseline, and 1 and 2-year follow-ups (spanning ages 9-13). Chi-square and t-tests assessed differences between participants' demographics, positive and negative hair tests, risk-for-use algorithm scores, and self-reported substance use.
resultsHair testing confirmed that 17% of at-risk 9-13 year-olds hair samples had evidence of past 3-month use of one (n = 97), two (n = 14), three (n = 2), or four (n = 2) drug classes. After considering prescribed medication and self-reported substance use, 10% had a positive test indicating substance use that was not reported. Participants with any positive hair result reported less sipping of alcohol (p < 0.001) and scored higher on the risk-for-use algorithm (p < 0.001) than those with negative toxicology results.
conclusions10% of hair samples from at-risk 9-13 year-olds tested positive for at least one unreported substance, suggesting underreporting in high-risk youth when participating in a research study. As hair testing prioritized youth with risk characteristics, the overall extent of underreporting will be calculated in future studies. Nonetheless, hair toxicology was key to characterizing substance use in high-risk youth.
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