Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35341351›Full record

ArticleInquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing

Health Promotion, Health Literacy and Vaccine Hesitancy: The Role of Humanoid Robots.

Christine McIntosh, Anne Elvin, Wendy Smyth, Melanie Birks, Cate Nagle

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Social robots: a meta-analysis of learning outcomes.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Hospital-Based Robotic Applications in Nursing Practice: A Scoping Review.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christine McIntosh157842Townsville Hospital and Health Service,100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas QLD Australia.
Anne Elvin157842Townsville Hospital and Health Service,100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas QLD Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4738-4019
Wendy Smyth157842Townsville Hospital and Health Service,100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas QLD Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-2783-3593
Melanie Birks8001James Cook University, Centre for Nursing and Midwifery Research, Townsville, QLD Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-7611-4272
Cate Nagle157842Townsville Hospital and Health Service,100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas QLD Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-5661-6379
Townsville Hospital · AUJames Cook University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of humanoid robot technologies within global healthcare settings is rapidly evolving; however, the potential of robots in health promotion and health education is not established. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a social humanoid robot on individuals' knowledge of influenza (flu) prevention and attitudes towards influenza vaccination. A multi-methods approach involving pre and post-test questions and interviews was used. The study was undertaken in a publicly funded tertiary level hospital in northern Queensland, Australia. Of the 995 participants, the majority were visitors (53.07%). The mean age of the participants was 42.25 (SD=19.54) years. Based on the three knowledge questions that were posed at the two-point interactions of participants with the humanoid robot 'Pepper', the results showed that there was a significant difference in the correct responses pre- and post-test regarding the best way to avoid getting the flu (Exact McNemar significance probability <.0001), how long the flu virus can live outside the human body (

Indexed as

Health LiteracyInfluenza, HumanRoboticsAdultHealth PromotionHumansVaccination Hesitancyhealth literacyhealth promotioninfection preventioninfluenzarobotics

Identifiers

PMID35341351
PMCPMC8961352
OpenAlexW4220964899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.