ArticleForensic sciences research2022
The relationship between gunshot-residue particle size and Boltzmann distribution.
Article in Forensic sciences research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interpol review of gunshot residue, 2022 to 2024.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Review
- Trajectory- the unseen realm in a firing event: a novel and scientific approach in the identification of optimal recovery zones for gunshot residue micro traces.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- A Study on the correlation of the physico-chemical properties of Gunshot Residue (GSR) particles with distance using a 9×19 mm Indian ammunition.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2024Article
- Interpol Review of Gunshot Residue 2019 to 2021.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gunshot-residue (GSR) particles usually form spherical structures, have special dimensions, and a composition that consists of burned and partially unburned matter with a 0.5-50-µm diameter (sometimes larger). The GSR particle-size distributions have been argued to be caused by the effects of equilibrium-surface distributions during formation and have not yet been correlated with a theoretical analysis or probability distribution. This study proposes a model to explain the GSR particle-size distribution quantitatively. Based on the data, and, as predicted by our model, the number of GSR particles decreases proportionally to the inverse square of the GSR particle size as the particle size increases. This result occurs because of the abundance of microstructures that are encountered in the GSR particles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.