ArticleExperimental eye research2022
Scleral crosslinking using genipin can compromise retinal structure and function in tree shrews.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- A transpupillary approach for crosslinking Guinea pig sclera using WST11 and near-infrared light.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IMI-Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression 2025.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Multiscale analysis of equatorial sclera anisotropy: Revealing discrepancies in fiber orientation and mechanical properties.Science advances · 2025Article
- Microindentation reveals softening of the equatorial and anterior sclera during early myopia development in tree shrew eyes.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Childhood Myopia Part II: Treatment Mechanisms, Emerging Options, and Considerations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Biomechanical changes of tree shrew posterior sclera during experimental myopia, after retrobulbar vehicle injections, and crosslinking using genipin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Direct measurements of collagen fiber recruitment in the posterior pole of the eye.Acta biomaterialia · 2024Article
- AI-dente: an open machine learning based tool to interpret nano-indentation data of soft tissues and materials.Soft matter · 2023Article
- IMI 2023 Digest.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Genipin increases extracellular matrix synthesis preventing corneal perforation.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Scleral crosslinking using genipin has been identified as a promising treatment approach for myopia control. The efficacy of genipin to alter biomechanical properties of the sclera has been shown in several animal models of myopia but its safety profile remains unclear. In this safety study, we aim to investigate the effect of scleral crosslinking using retrobulbar injections of genipin on retinal structure and function at genipin doses that were shown to be effective in slowing myopia progression in juvenile tree shrews. To this end, three or five retrobulbar injections of genipin at 0 mM (sham), 10 mM, or 20 mM were performed in one eye every other day. Form deprivation myopia was induced in the injected eye. We evaluated retinal function using full-field electroretinography and retinal structure using in vivo optical coherence tomography imaging and ex vivo histology. The optical coherence tomography results revealed significant thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in all genipin treated groups including the lowest dose group, which showed no significant treatment effect in slowing myopia progression. In contrast, inducing form deprivation myopia alone and in combination with sham injections caused no obvious thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Electroretinography results showed a significant desensitizing shift of the b-wave semi-saturation constant in the sham group and the second highest genipin dose group, and a significant reduction in b-wave maxima in the two highest genipin dose groups. The ex vivo histology revealed noticeable degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium in one of two investigated eyes of the highest genipin dose group. While scleral crosslinking using genipin may still be a feasible treatment option for myopia control, our results suggest that repeated retrobulbar injections of genipin at 10 mM or higher are not safe in tree shrews. An adequate and sustained delivery strategy of genipin at lower concentrations will be needed to achieve a safe and effective scleral crosslinking treatment for myopia control in tree shrews. Caution should be taken if the proposed treatment approach is translated to humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.