ArticlePsychopharmacology2022
The effects of prenatal nicotine and THC E-cigarette exposure on motor development in rats.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaping and Smoking in Pregnancy-A Meta-Analysis of Neurobehavioural Development in Prenatally Exposed Offspring.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Pooled it
- Innovative Methods for Prenatal Cannabis Exposure: Vapor Inhalation Chamber and Metabolite Quantification in Prairie Voles and Rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Impact of prenatal delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure on mouse brain development: a fetal-to-adulthood magnetic resonance imaging study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure: Impacts on neonatal, behavioral, cognitive and physiological outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Early life outcomes of prenatal exposure to alcohol and synthetic cannabinoids in mice.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Early Life Outcomes of Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adult Consequences of Repeated Nicotine Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and ΔPsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Emerging Roles of Endocannabinoids as Key Lipid Mediators for a Successful Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Influence of prenatal cannabinoid exposure on early development and beyond.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Review
- A Model of Combined Exposure to Nicotine and TetrahydrocannabinolFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleIn the USA, nicotine and cannabis are the most common licit and illicit drugs used among pregnant women. Importantly, nicotine and cannabis are now being combined for consumption via e-cigarettes, an increasingly popular delivery device. Both nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, cross the placenta barrier. However, the consequences of prenatal cannabis use are not well understood, and less is known about potential combination effects when consumed with nicotine, especially via e-cigarettes.
objectiveThe present study used a rodent model to examine how prenatal e-cigarette exposure to nicotine, THC, and the combination impacts motor development among offspring.
methodsPregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to nicotine (36 mg/mL), THC (100 mg/mL), the combination, or vehicle via e-cigarette inhalation from gestational days (GD) 5-20. One sex pair per litter was tested on an early sensorimotor development task (postnatal days [PD] 12-20) and a parallel bar motor coordination task (PD 30-32).
resultsCombined prenatal exposure to nicotine and THC delayed sensorimotor development, even though neither drug produced impairments on their own. In contrast, prenatal exposure to either nicotine or THC impaired motor coordination, whereas combined exposure exacerbated these effects, particularly among females.
conclusionsThese data illustrate that prenatal exposure to either nicotine or THC may alter motor development, and that the combination may produce more severe effects. These findings have important implications for pregnant women as we better understand the teratogenic effects of these drugs consumed via e-cigarettes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.