ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccination: Cross-Protection, Co-Administration, Combination Vaccines, and Hesitancy.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and influencing factors of concomitant and sequential administration of viral respiratory infectious disease vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Coadministration of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review of clinical studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and durability of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses through 6 months after a single dose of mRNA-1083, a multicomponent influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, in adults ≥50 years.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Phase 1/2 randomized, observer-blind clinical trial of a first-generation, mRNA-based vaccine against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 in healthy adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Costs of managing adverse reactions to hexavalent vaccines: Comparison of DT3aP-HBV-IPV/Hib and DT2aP-HBV-IPV-Hib in France and Spain.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines: an overview of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Retraction Note: Comparing Moderna's mRNA-1083 and Pfizer's dual-target mRNA vaccines for influenza and COVID-19.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Willingness among adults in the United States to receive a combination influenza and COVID-19 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Using the COM-B model to explore factors influencing influenza vaccination among the elderly: Insights from primary healthcare workers in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Characteristics of the First Italian Older Adults Vaccinated with an Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- The evolution of vaccine hesitancy through the COVID-19 pandemic: A semi-structured interview study on booster and bivalent doses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Assessing the determinants of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine co-administration decisions in the elderly.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Real-life experience on COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines co-administration in the vaccination hub of the University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Advancing influenza vaccines: A review of next-generation candidates and their potential for global health impact.Vaccine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are the main respiratory viruses for which effective vaccines are currently available. Strategies in which COVID-19 and influenza vaccines are administered simultaneously or combined into a single preparation are advantageous and may increase vaccination uptake. Here, we comprehensively review the available evidence on COVID-19/influenza vaccine co-administration and combination vaccine candidates from the standpoints of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, policy and public acceptance. While several observational studies have shown that the trained immunity induced by influenza vaccines can protect against some COVID-19-related endpoints, it is not yet understood whether co-administration or combination vaccines can exert additive effects on relevant outcomes. In randomized controlled trials, co-administration has proved safe, with a reactogenicity profile similar to that of either vaccine administered alone. From the immunogenicity standpoint, the immune response towards four influenza strains and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in co-administration groups is generally non-inferior to that seen in groups receiving either vaccine alone. Several public health authorities have advocated co-administration. Different combination vaccine candidates are in (pre)-clinical development. The hesitancy towards vaccine co-administration or combination vaccines is a multifaceted phenomenon and may be higher than the acceptance of either vaccine administered separately. Public health implications are discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.