ArticleViruses2022
TREC/KREC Levels and T and B Lymphocyte Subpopulations in COVID-19 Patients at Different Stages of the Disease.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological Mechanisms and Machine Learning Applications in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants of T-Cell Homeostasis in Critical Illness: An Exploratory Analysis of Immune Gene Variants and TREC Dynamics.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- NanoBondy Reaction through NeissLock Anhydride Allows Covalent Immune Cell Decoration.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- TREC dynamics as a biomarker of naive T-cell homeostasis in traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Alterations in the Immune Response in Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Morphological Changes in the Placenta of Patients with COVID-19 During Pregnancy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Redefining Normal: Cytokine Dysregulation in Long COVID and the Post-Pandemic Healthy Donors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis in Pregnant Women After COVID-19: Features of Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Narrative Review).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- T Cell Dynamics in COVID-19, Long COVID and Successful Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Immunological Disorders: Gradations and the Current Approach in Laboratory Diagnostics.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- BCG vaccination: historical role, modern applications, and future perspectives in tuberculosis and beyond.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Immune responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis following COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T Regulatory Cell Subsets Do Not Restore for One Year After Acute COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- A Key Role of CD8+ T Cells in Controlling of Tuberculosis Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Rare Variants in Primary Immunodeficiency Genes and Their Functional Partners in Severe COVID-19.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Morphological Changes in the Myocardium of Patients with Post-Acute Coronavirus Syndrome: A Study of Endomyocardial Biopsies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundT and B cell-mediated immunity can be assessed using T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and Kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) analysis, respectively, and successful implementation of this method requires evaluation of the correlation between the TREC frequencies and T cell subsets as well as KREC levels and B lymphocyte subsets. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the TREC/KREC concentrations and T/B lymphocyte subsets at different stages of COVID-19.
methodsWe examined 33 patients in the acute stage of COVID-19 (including 8 patients with poor outcomes) and 33 COVID-19 survivors. TREC/KREC concentrations were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. T/B lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry.
resultsBlood TREC and KREC levels were found to be significantly lower in the acute stage of COVID-19 compared to control values. Moreover, a zero blood TREC level was a predictor of a poor disease outcome. Reductions in CD3
conclusionsThe assessment of correlations between TREC and T cell subsets as well as KREC levels and B cell subset counts in patients with acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 survivors has shown that blood concentrations of TREC and KREC are sensitive indicators of the stage of antigen-independent differentiation of adaptive immunity cells. The results of the TREC and KREC analysis correlated with the stages of COVID-19 and differed depending on the outcome of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.