ArticleViruses2022
DEAD-Box RNA Helicase 21 (DDX21) Positively Regulates the Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Multiple Mechanisms.
Article in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease as virulence determinant plays multiple roles in cleaving viral polyprotein and host factors.Virulence · 2026Review
- The tegument protein VP22 of pseudorabies virus inhibits cGAS condensation by inducing nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of DDX21.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- THAP11-mediated K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination is essential for the degradation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 1β.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity and adaptability of native sheep breeds from different climatic zones.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- DDX21 Promotes PCV3 Replication by Binding to Cap Protein and Inhibiting Interferon Responses.Viruses · 2025Article
- The DEAD-box RNA helicase 27 negatively regulates the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by mediating GP2a autophagy degradation and inducing interferon-β production.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- DDX21 at the Nexus of RNA Metabolism, Cancer Oncogenesis, and Host-Virus Crosstalk: Decoding Its Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Helicase protein DDX11 as a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-MAVS-mediated signaling pathway.mBio · 2024Article
- DEAD-box RNA helicase 21 interacts with porcine circovirus type 2 Cap protein and facilitates viral replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Classification, replication, and transcription ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a persistent hazard in the global pig industry. DEAD (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu) box helicase 21 (DDX21) is a member of the DDX family. In addition to its function of regulating cellular RNA metabolism, DDX21 also regulates innate immunity and is involved in the replication cycle of some viruses. However, the relationship between DDX21 and PRRSV has not yet been explored. Here, we found that a DDX21 overexpression promoted PRRSV replication, whereas knockdown of DDX21 reduced PRRSV proliferation. Mechanistically, DDX21 promoted PRRSV replication independently of its ATPase, RNA helicase, and foldase activities. Furthermore, overexpression of DDX21 stabilized the expressions of PRRSV nsp1α, nsp1β, and nucleocapsid proteins, three known antagonists of interferon β (IFN-β). Knockdown of DDX21 activated the IFN-β signaling pathway in PRRSV-infected cells, suggesting that the effect of DDX21 on PRRSV-encoded IFN-β antagonists may be a driving factor for its contribution to viral proliferation. We also found that PRRSV infection enhanced DDX21 expression and promoted its nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation. Screening PRRSV-encoded proteins showed that nsp1β interacted with the C-terminus of DDX21 and enhanced the expression of DDX21. Taken together, these findings reveal that DDX21 plays an important role in regulating PRRSV proliferation through multiple mechanisms.
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