Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35336548›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Two-Way Feature Extraction for Speech Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning.

Apeksha Aggarwal, Akshat Srivastava, Ajay Agarwal, Nidhi Chahal, Dilbag Singh, Abeer Ali Alnuaim, Aseel Alhadlaq, Heung-No Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Speech Emotion Recognition Using Attention Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  7. Emotion Detection Based on Pupil Variation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Apeksha AggarwalDepartment of Computer Science Engineering & Information Technology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A 10, Sector 62, Noida 201307, India.ORCID 0000-0001-7230-3869
Akshat SrivastavaSchool of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Plot Nos 8-11, TechZone 2, Greater Noida 201310, India.ORCID 0000-0002-0258-6100
Ajay AgarwalDepartment of Information Technology, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Meerut Road (NH-58), Ghaziabad 201206, India.
Nidhi ChahalNidhi Chahal, NIIT Limited, Gurugram 110019, India.
Dilbag SinghSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6475-4491
Abeer Ali AlnuaimDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22459, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2537-2439
Aseel AlhadlaqDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22459, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5301-8878
Heung-No LeeSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.

Funding

Ministry of Science and ICT Korea IITP-2021-0-01835National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2021R1A2B5B03002118
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recognizing human emotions by machines is a complex task. Deep learning models attempt to automate this process by rendering machines to exhibit learning capabilities. However, identifying human emotions from speech with good performance is still challenging. With the advent of deep learning algorithms, this problem has been addressed recently. However, most research work in the past focused on feature extraction as only one method for training. In this research, we have explored two different methods of extracting features to address effective speech emotion recognition. Initially, two-way feature extraction is proposed by utilizing super convergence to extract two sets of potential features from the speech data. For the first set of features, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to obtain the first feature set. Thereafter, a deep neural network (DNN) with dense and dropout layers is implemented. In the second approach, mel-spectrogram images are extracted from audio files, and the 2D images are given as input to the pre-trained VGG-16 model. Extensive experiments and an in-depth comparative analysis over both the feature extraction methods with multiple algorithms and over two datasets are performed in this work. The RAVDESS dataset provided significantly better accuracy than using numeric features on a DNN.

Indexed as

Deep LearningSpeechAlgorithmsEmotionsHumansNeural Networks, Computermachine learningneural networkspeech emotion recognition

Identifiers

PMID35336548
PMCPMC8949356

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.