Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35336424›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Time-Slotted Spreading Factor Hopping for Mitigating Blind Spots in LoRa-Based Networks.

Alejandro Iglesias-Rivera, Roald Van Glabbeek, Erik Ortiz Guerra, An Braeken, Kris Steenhaut, Hector Cruz-Enriquez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alejandro Iglesias-RiveraDepartamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara 50100, Villa Clara, Cuba.
Roald Van GlabbeekDepartment of Engineering Technology (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-8388-9375
Erik Ortiz GuerraDepartamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara 50100, Villa Clara, Cuba.ORCID 0000-0002-2447-2892
An BraekenDepartment of Engineering Technology (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-9965-915X
Kris SteenhautDepartment of Engineering Technology (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
Hector Cruz-EnriquezDepartamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara 50100, Villa Clara, Cuba.ORCID 0000-0001-7927-3711

Funding

ICT-NETWORK collaboration program of the Council of Flemish Universities of Belgium (VLIR-UOS) CU2019NET033A105technology and transfer (Tetra) of Flanders Innovation Entrepreneurship (Vlaio) HBC.2020.2073-Velcro
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that LoRa-based wide area networks (WANs) can cover extended areas under harsh propagation conditions. Traditional LoRaWAN solutions based on single-hop access face important drawbacks related to the presence of blind spots. This paper aims to tackle blind spots and performance issues by using a relaying approach. Many researchers investigating multi-hop solutions consider a fixed spreading factor (SF). This simplifies synchronization and association processes, but does not take advantage of the orthogonality between the virtual channels (i.e., frequency, SF) that help to mitigate blind spots. This paper proposes a time-slotted spreading factor hopping (TSSFH) mechanism that combines virtual channels and time slots into a frame structure. Pseudo-random scheduling is used inside blind spots, which simplifies the end-devices' communication process and network organization. The results show how collisions decrease inside blind spots when more communication opportunities become available as more relaying nodes can be listening in different cells (i.e., frequency, SF-offset, time-offset). This has a direct impact on the collision-free packet delivery ratio (PDR) metric, which improves when more listening windows are opened, at the expense of faster battery depletion.

Indexed as

CommunicationPolysaccharide-Lyaseshyaluronate lyasePolysaccharide-Lyasesblind spotsIoTLoRa-basedrandom scheduling

Identifiers

PMID35336424
PMCPMC8954544

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.