ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Development and Optimization of Nanolipid-Based Formulation of Diclofenac Sodium: In Vitro Characterization and Preclinical Evaluation.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Carrier Design: Fabrication Method as the Hidden Driver of NSAID Nanomedicine Performance.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Preparation and Characterization of Diclofenac Sodium-Purolite A430MR Complexes for Taste Masking.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Diclofenac Encapsulated in Chitosan-Coated Lipid Microvesicles in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery Systems and Recent Advancements in Innovative Design Strategies.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Preparation, Characterization, and Oral Bioavailability of Solid Dispersions ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Exploitation of Sodium Deoxycholate-Stabilized Nano-Vesicular Gel for Ameliorating the Antipsychotic Efficiency of Sulpiride.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Revamping the corneal permeability and antiglaucoma therapeutic potential of brinzolamide using transniosomes: optimization,Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Novel Chitosan Lipid Micro-Systems for Modified Release of Diclofenac Sodium.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Novel Approaches for Overcoming Biological Barriers.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In the present research study, we formulate bilosomes (BMs) of diclofenac (DC) for oral delivery for enhancement of therapeutic efficacy (anti-inflammatory disease). The BMS were prepared by thin film hydration method and optimized by Box−Behnken design (BBD) using cholesterol (A), lipid (B), surfactant (C), and bile salt (D) as formulation factors. Their effects were evaluated on vesicle size (Y1) and entrapment efficacy (Y2). The optimized DC-BMs-opt showed a vesicle size of 270.21 ± 3.76 nm, PDI of 0.265 ± 0.03, and entrapment efficiency of 79.01 ± 2.54%. DSC study result revealed that DC-BMs-opt exhibited complete entrapment of DC in BM matrix. It also depicted significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in release (91.82 ± 4.65%) as compared to pure DC (36.32 ± 4.23%) and DC-liposomes (74.54 ± 4.76%). A higher apparent permeability coefficient (2.08 × 10−3 cm/s) was also achieved compared to pure DC (6.6 × 10−4 cm/s) and DC-liposomes (1.33 × 10−3 cm/s). A 5.21-fold and 1.43-fold enhancement in relative bioavailability was found relative to pure DC and DC liposomes (DC-LP). The anti-inflammatory activity result showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of paw edema swelling compared to pure DC and DC-LP. Our findings revealed that encapsulation of DC in BMs matrix is a good alternative for improvement of therapeutic efficacy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.