ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Escinosomes: Safe and Successful Nanovesicles to Deliver Andrographolide by a Subcutaneous Route in a Mice Model of Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Andrographolide in Sepsis: Mechanistic Basis, New Drug States, and Advanced Delivery Systems.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Development and Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration of Nanovesicles Loaded with Cannabidiol.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Plant Resin Delivery by Nanovectors as an Emerging Approach to Boost Solubility, Permeability and Bioavailability.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Andrographolide (AG) is a natural diterpene lactone endowed with considerable therapeutic potential for treating numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, but its low aqueous solubility and scarce bioavailability limit its clinical use. To overcome this problem, AG was encapsulated in escinosomes, special nanovesicles made of escin (ESN), a natural saponin, and phosphatidylcholine. Escinosomes loaded with AG had an average size of 164.7 ± 13.30 nm, optimal polydispersity index (0.190 ± 0.0890) and high ζ-potential (-35.4 ± 0.451 mV), and significantly loaded the active substance-the encapsulation efficiency of AG was about 88%. Escinosomes allowed the prolonged release of AG over time, without burst effects-about 85% AG was released after 24 h. Morphological analysis by cryo-transmission electron microscopy showed nanovesicles with a spherical shape, unilamellar and oligolamellar structures, and dimensions in agreement with those measured by dynamic light scattering. In addition, stability studies were performed on AG-loaded escinosomes stored for one month at 4 °C. The pain-relieving efficacy of these nanovesicles was tested in a rat model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. AG-loaded escinosomes, subcutaneously administered, effectively reduced the thermal allodynia characteristic of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, enhancing and prolonging the effect of the natural compound. Overall, AG-loaded escinosomes were found to be excellent for loading AG, physically and chemically stable for one-month storage, and with controlled-release properties, making the formulation an ideal pharmacological approach for persistent pain treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.