ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Cucumber-Derived Exosome-like Vesicles and PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Emerging Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Particles Reveal Key Therapeutic Benefits. A Comprehensive Review of Evidence.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Wearable Delivery Systems for Cosmeceutical Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Comprehensive Review from Isolation to Clinical Translation-Unlocking Natural Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: the intelligent nanoplatforms for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Potential of Plant-derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Exosome-Based Therapeutics in Dermatology and Beyond: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Potential Enhancement of Topical Drug Delivery Using Grapefruit-derived Nanoparticles Modified Using TAT Peptide.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Plant-derived exosomes: an emerging delivery platform for cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Bioactive Supermolecules: The Promising Assemblies Presented in Traditional Chinese Medicine.Current drug delivery · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles in Skin Tissue Regeneration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: current and future.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxy ether hydrogel loaded withFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Cross-Kingdom Regulation and Perspectives as Natural Drug Carriers for Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and translational potential of plant-derived nanovesicles in skin care and regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles for immunomodulation: Mechanisms and applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Composition of Exosome-like Nanoparticles from Dried and FreshMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Silymarin PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nano-PhotoCrystals (Photosensitive Nanocrystals) of Aloe Emodin Combined with Dissolving Microneedles for Dual Smart Targeting of Acute Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered to be efficient nanocarriers for improved drug delivery and can be derived from mammalian or plant cells. Cucumber-derived EVs are not yet described in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce and characterize cucumber-derived EVs and to investigate their suitability to improve the dermal penetration efficacy of a lipophilic active ingredient (AI) surrogate. (2) Methods: The EVs were obtained by classical EVs isolation methods and by high pressure homogenization (HPH). They were characterized regarding their physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical properties. (3) Results: Utilization of classical isolation and purification methods for EVs resulted in cucumber-derived EVs. Their dermal penetration efficacy for the AI surrogate was 2-fold higher when compared to a classical formulation and enabled a pronounced transdermal penetration into the viable dermis. HPH resulted in submicron sized particles composed of a mixture of disrupted plant cells. A successful isolation of pure EVs from this mixture was not possible with classical EVs isolation methods. The presence of EVs was, therefore, proven indirectly. For this, the lipophilic drug surrogate was admixed to the cucumber juice either prior to or after HPH. Admixing of the drug surrogate to the cucumber prior to the HPH resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the dermal penetration efficacy, whereas the addition of the AI surrogate to the cucumber after HPH was not able to improve the penetration efficacy. (4) Conclusions: Results, therefore, indicate that HPH causes the formation of EVs in which AI can be incorporated. The formation of plant EVs by HPH was also indicated by zeta potential analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.