ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Seeding the Future: How Feeding Mode Shapes the Infant Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Review
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Children under 5 Years Old-A Regional Seroepidemiological Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Editorial for the Topical Collection "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease".Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2.Future virology · 2023Review
- 2021/22 and 2022/23 Post-Pandemic Bronchiolitis Seasons in Two Major Italian Cities: A Prospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- IgA antibody dynamics in healthcare workers after CoronaVac® vaccination and heterologous Comirnaty® booster dose.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Cytokines and Chemokines in Breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2 Infected or COVID-19 Vaccinated Mothers.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Prioritizing Pregnant Women for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in African Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance during Pregnancy and Influencing Factors in South Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered. Thus, the question of whether potentially protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could be provided to them via breast milk or across the placenta, as "passive immunity", still stands. MATERIALS AND
methodsBetween January-July 2021, we have conducted a prospective study that aimed to measure the immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the breast milk of 28 vaccinated lactating mothers, sampled at 30 and 60 days after the second dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer or Moderna mRNA vaccines. Anti-RBD reactive IgA and IgG antibodies were detected and quantified by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsAnti-RBD IgA and IgG were present in all breast milk samples, both in the first and in the second specimens, without a significant difference between those two. The anti-RBD IgA titers were approximately five-times higher than the anti-RBD IgG ones. The anti-RBD IgA and IgG titers were correlated with the infants' age, but they were not correlated with the vaccine type or mother's age. The anti-RBD IgA excreted in milk were inversely correlated with the parity number.
conclusionsAnti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG can be found in the milk secretion of mothers vaccinated with mRNA vaccines and, presumably, these antibodies should offer protection to the newborn, considering that the antibodies' titers did not decrease after 60 days. The antibody response is directly proportional to the breastfed child's age, but the amount of anti-RBD IgA decreases with the baby's rank. The antibody response did not depend on the vaccine type, or on the mother's age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.