ArticlePolymers2022
Development and Evaluation of Nanoparticles-in-Film Technology to Achieve Extended In Vivo Exposure of MK-2048 for HIV Prevention.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites on HIV Transmission at the Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Barrier.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Determining Critical Physiological and Drug Specific Parameters for Enhancing a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics Model for the Female Reproductive Tract.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Properties of MK-2048, a Potent Drug Candidate for HIV Prevention.Viruses · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle delivery systems for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): advances and challenges.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering vaginal film platform for mucoadhesion and sustained drug release for HIV-1 prevention.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- The Potential of Films as Transmucosal Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Innovations in monoclonal antibody-based multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
MK-2048 is a second-generation integrase inhibitor active against HIV, which has been applied vaginally using ring formulations. In this work, a nanoparticle-in-film technology was developed as a discrete pre-exposure prophylactic product option against HIV for an extended duration of use. A film platform loaded with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PNP) encapsulating MK-2048 was engineered. MK-2048 PNPs were loaded into films that were manufactured via the solvent casting method. Physicochemical and mechanical properties, in vitro efficacy, Lactobacillus compatibility, in vitro and ex vivo permeability, and in vivo pharmacokinetics in macaques were evaluated. PNPs with a mean diameter of 382.2 nm and −15.2 mV zeta potential were obtained with 95.2% drug encapsulation efficiency. PNP films showed comparable in vitro efficacy to free MK-2048 (IC50 0.46 vs. 0.54 nM) and were found to have no impact on Lactobacillus. MK-2048 encapsulated in PNPs showed an increase in permeability (>4-fold) compared to the free MK-2048 in MDCKII cell lines. Furthermore, PNPs had higher ectocervical tissue permeability (1.7-fold) compared to free MK-2048. PNP films showed sustained drug levels for at least 3 weeks in the macaque vaginal fluid. This work demonstrates the synergy of integrating nanomedicine and polymeric film technology to achieve sustained vaginal drug delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.