ArticlePolymers2022
Rheological Investigation of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Based Filaments for Material Extrusion 3D Printing.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Quality by Design Approach for Hot-Melt Extrusion Coupled Fused Deposition Modeling (HME-FDM) 3D Printing: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- 3D-Printed Mucoadhesive Hydrogel Buccal Films Based on HPMC and Carbopol Bioinks Incorporating Cyclodextrin-Cannabinoid Complexes and Terpenes.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carbonized Hemp Fiber for Use in Composites.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Towards Enhanced Solubility of Cannabidiol: Preparation and Evaluation of Cannabidiol Solid Dispersions Using Vacuum Compression Molding.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals-Evaluating Polymer (Sodium Alginate, HPC, HPMC)-Based Ink's Suitability by Investigating Rheology.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Design of experiments to compare the reprocessing effect with Fused Deposition Modeling printing parameters on mechanical properties of Polylactic Acid specimens towards circular economy.Progress in rubber, plastics and recycling technology · 2023Article
- 3D-Printing of Silk Nanofibrils Reinforced Alginate for Soft Tissue Engineering.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Sustainable Hydroxypropyl Cellulose-Nanodiamond Composite for Flexible Electronic Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Additive Manufacturing Strategies for Personalized Drug Delivery Systems and Medical Devices: Fused Filament Fabrication and Semi Solid Extrusion.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The rheological properties of drug-polymer mixtures have a significant influence on their processability when using transformative techniques, such as hot-melt-extrusion and material-extrusion 3D printing; however, there has been limited data on printable systems. This study investigated the rheological properties of 17 formulations of successful printed tablets for both immediate and controlled release. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was used in various ratios to obtain printable filaments in combination with various drugs (indomethacin or theophylline), polymers and disintegrants. The complex viscosity, shear thinning behavior and viscoelastic properties were affected by the drug load, polymer composite, disintegrant type, temperature and shear rate applied. Larger windows of processing viscosity were revealed. The viscosity of the printable blends could be as low as the range 10-1000 Pa·s at 100 rad/s angular frequency. All formulations showed shear thinning behavior with a broad slope of complex viscosity from -0.28 to -0.74. The addition of 30-60% drug or disintegrant tended to have greater viscosity values. While microcrystalline cellulose was found to be an alternative additive to lower the storage and loss modulus among disintegrants. This rheological data could be useful for the preformulation and further development of material-extrusion 3D-printing medicines.
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Registered trials
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