ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The (Bio)Chemistry of Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Chemotherapy-Associated Hepatorenal Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Toxicological Perspectives.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- Green Tea Extract Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Prolongs Red Blood Cell Survival in Iron-Overloaded β-Thalassemic Mice.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Shared Mechanisms and Disease-Specific Signatures.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Differences in Redox Biomarkers in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Leisure Horses With and Without Severe Equine Asthma: Preliminary Results.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and a novel therapeutic target.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of Anemia on Outcomes Following Total Hip Replacement Surgery and Patient Prognosis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Review
- Phytoconstituents-mediated Targeting of Ferroptosis for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Review
- Parkinson's disease LRRK2 mutations dysregulate iron homeostasis and promote oxidative stress and ferroptosis in human neurons and astrocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Metabolism and Overload.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron (NTBI), Labile Plasma Iron (LPI), and Iron Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications of ferroptosis-related factors in cardiovascular diseases.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Diagnostics: Markers of Body Iron Status.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- First report of iron-overload myopathy due to secondary hemochromatosis in a dog.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Role of ferroptosis in chronic kidney disease.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Ferroptosis as an emerging target in sickle cell disease.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Vanadium Compounds with Antidiabetic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Plasma non-transferrin-bound iron uptake by the small intestine leads to intestinal injury and intestinal flora dysbiosis in an iron overload mouse model and Caco-2 cells.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Article
- Increased Levels of Circulating Iron-Albumin Complexes in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association between iron metabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017-2018) and a controlled animal study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In healthy individuals, virtually all blood plasma iron is bound by transferrin. However, in several diseases and clinical conditions, hazardous non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) species occur. NTBI represents a potentially toxic iron form, being a direct cause of oxidative stress in the circulating compartment and tissue iron loading. The accumulation of these species can cause cellular damage in several organs, namely, the liver, spleen, and heart. Despite its pathophysiological relevance, the chemical nature of NTBI remains elusive. This has precluded its use as a clinical biochemical marker and the development of targeted therapies. Herein, we make a critical assessment of the current knowledge of NTBI speciation. The currently accepted hypotheses suggest that NTBI is mostly iron bound to citric acid and iron bound to serum albumin, but the chemistry of this system remains fuzzy. We explore the complex chemistry of iron complexation by citric acid and its implications towards NTBI reactivity. Further, the ability of albumin to bind iron is revised and the role of protein post-translational modifications on iron binding is discussed. The characterization of the NTBI species structure may be the starting point for the development of a standardized analytical assay, the better understanding of these species' reactivity or the identification of NTBI uptake mechanisms by different cell types, and finally, to the development of new therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.