ReviewVaccines2022
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Bridge between First and Fourth Dose: Where Are We?
Review in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Humoral response after a fourth dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in immunocompromised patients. Results of a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- B and T cell responses to the 3rd and 4th dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in dialysis patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Clinical presentation, associated factors, and course of cutaneous reaction after the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Article
- Head CT Scans in the Emergency Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Use or Overuse?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evidence-based policies in public health to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.Future virology · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is higher in vaccinated patients with inflammatory autoimmune diseases or liver transplantation treated with mycophenolate due to an impaired antiviral immune response: results of the extended follow up of the RIVALSA prospective cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Is the fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose urgently needed? Revelation from a prospective cohort study.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- Cross-Reactivity between Half Doses of Pfizer and AstraZeneca Vaccines-A Preliminary Study.Vaccines · 2022Article
- The acceptance to heterologous booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs and targeted population: A cross-sectional study in central China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Serological Response to BNT162b2 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Results From the RHEUVAX Cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Breakthrough cases of Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 during the fifth wave in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Expected cost effectiveness of the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccine against the omicron variant of COVID-19: a preliminary report.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers aged ≤60 years: One year of surveillance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has induced the explosion of vaccine research. Currently, according to the data of the World Health Organization, there are several vaccines in clinical (145) and preclinical (195) stages, while at least 10 are already in clinical phase 4 (post-marketing). Vaccines have proven to be safe, effective, and able to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its variants, as well as the clinical consequences of the development of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). In the two-dose primary vaccination, different time intervals between the two doses have been used. Recently, special attention has been paid to assessing the immunogenicity following booster administration. The third dose of the vaccine against COVID-19 may be administered at least 8 weeks after the second dose. In Israel, a fourth dose has already been approved in immunocompromised groups. The main objective of this review is to describe the principal results of studies on the effectiveness of first-to-fourth dose vaccination to reduce reinfection by variants and the incidence of severe disease/death caused by COVID-19. Vaccines have shown a high level of protection from symptomatic infection and reinfection by variants after a third dose. Accelerating mass third-dose vaccination could potentially induce immunogenicity against variants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.