ArticleVaccines2022
Non-Inferiority Field Study Comparing the Administrations by Conventional Needle-Syringe and Needle-Free Injectors of a Trivalent Vaccine Containing Porcine Circovirus Types 2a/2b and
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Needle-free intramuscular jet vaccination in finishing pigs: effects on growth, carcass quality, cortisol levels, and CSF-specific neutralizing antibodies.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Comparing Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam When Administered With a Needle-Free Injection Device Versus Needle-And-Syringe in Piglets.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Integrating micro-needle jet injection and sustained GLP-1 therapy with structured feeding: a comprehensive strategy for obesity management.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effect of theVaccines · 2024Article
- Needle-free intradermal vaccination, an opportunity to improve commercial pig welfare.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the clinical, immunological, microbiological, and pathological evaluation of trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae given by two different needle-free injection devices compared with conventional needle-syringe injection in a herd with subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia. A total of 240 21-day-old pigs, which weighed between 5 to 6 kg, were randomly divided into four groups (60 pigs per group, 30 = male and 30 = female per group). Injection site reactions in the pigs were minimal for the two needle-free injection devices and needle-syringe injection. Trivalent vaccination of pigs with two needle-free injection devices was not inferior to conventional needle-syringe injection for growth performance. Trivalent vaccination of pigs with two different needle-free injection devices reduced levels of PCV2d loads in serum and M. hyopneumoniae loads in the larynx equally compared to the conventional needle-syringe injection. The amount of PCV2d load in serum from the needle-free Pulse FX injection device at 49 days post vaccination showed non-inferiority to conventional needle-syringe injection. The immune response against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae to trivalent vaccine given with the needle-free Pulse FX injection device was non-inferior to conventional needle-syringe injection. The pigs from the two needle-free injection device and conventional needle-syringe injection had significantly (p < 0.05) lower macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores, and microscopic lymphoid lesions than from unvaccinated. The results of this study demonstrated that vaccination of trivalent vaccine by the two needle-free Pulse injection devices used in the study was non-inferior to that by conventional needle-syringe injection for growth performance, immune response against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae, and reduction of PCV2 viremia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.