SynthesisNutrients2022
β-Carotene Supplementation and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Agreement Between Mega-Trials and Smaller Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Research Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Targeting Reactive Species Stress and Nutrient Sensing to Enhance NK-Cell Function: Mechanistic Strategies for Overcoming Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Resistance Through Supplement Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Venous vascular pharmacology: how does it contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Review
- A to Z of Health: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review of Multivitamin-Multimineral and Nutraceutical Supplementation.Cureus · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effect of Dietary PUFAs and Antioxidants on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of HDL in a Cohort of Women.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Microbial synthesis and extraction of value-added metabolites by Rhodotorula toruloides from waste stream: a sustainable approach.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- A Mendelian randomized study of circulating antioxidants in the diet and risk of cardiovascular disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Almond Consumption on Selected Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical nutrition research · 2025Review
- Exploring the Effects of Oxidative Stress on Female Reproductive Function: The Role of Antioxidant Supplementation.Current drug metabolism · 2025Review
- From bench to bedside: targeting ferroptosis and mitochondrial damage in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Nutritional Benefits of Lycopene and Beta-Carotene: A Comprehensive Overview.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Immunometabolic effects ofImmunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Review
- Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Therapeutic effect of targeted antioxidant natural products.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Association between dietary vitamin A intake and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension: The Insight into Antihypertensive Properties of Vitamins A, C and E.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for preformed vitamin A and β-carotene.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Association between Dietary Total Vitamin A, β-carotene, and Retinol Intake and Risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1997-2015.Research square · 2024Article
- Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
β-carotene is widely available in plant-based foods, while the efficacy of β-carotene supplementation on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains controversial. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials to investigate the associations between β-carotene supplementation and CVD risk as well as mortality. We conducted literature searches across eight databases and screened the publications from January 1900 to March 2022 on the topic of β-carotene treatments and cardiovascular outcomes. There were 10 trials and 16 reports included in the meta-analysis with a total of 182,788 individuals enrolled in the study. Results from the random-effects models indicated that β-carotene supplementation slightly increased overall cardiovascular incidence (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) and was constantly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19). Subgroup analyses suggested that, when β-carotene treatments were given singly, a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes was observed (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). In addition, cigarettes smoking was shown to be a risk behavior associated with increased cardiovascular incidence and mortality in the β-carotene intervention group. In sum, the evidence of this study demonstrated that β-carotene supplementation had no beneficial effects on CVD incidence and potential harmful effects on CVD mortality. Further studies on understanding the efficacy of multivitamin supplementation in nutrient-deficient or sub-optimal populations are important for developing the tolerable upper intake level for β-carotene of different age and sex groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.