ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2022
Dyspnea in Post-COVID Syndrome following Mild Acute COVID-19 Infections: Potential Causes and Consequences for a Therapeutic Approach.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Dyspnea and Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Long COVID: Clinical Characteristics and Associated Laboratory Parameters.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The burden of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 (long COVID): a meta-analysis of controlled studies in children and adults.Virology journal · 2024Pooled it
- A comprehensive comparison of primary hyperventilation syndrome versus hyperventilation syndrome secondary to respiratory infections.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Reveals Functional Limitations and Work Disability in Severe Post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS Patients.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Risk of Sequelae Following COVID-19 Infection: A Nationwide Study Focusing on Risk Factors and Long-Term Impacts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Multimodal Web-Based Telerehabilitation for Patients With Post-COVID-19 Condition: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Characterising dysfunctional breathing seen in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 using approximate entropy.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Relationship between long covid and functional disability in adults and the seniors in the south of Brazil.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Precision phenotyping for curating research cohorts of patients with unexplained post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Self-Reported Dyspnea Is Associated with Reduced Health-Related Quality of Life in Quaternary Hospital Workers 1 Year Post Mild COVID-19 Infection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The occurrence mechanism, assessment, and non-pharmacological treatment of dyspnea.Medical review (2021) · 2024Review
- Assessment of Microvascular Function Based on Flowmotion Monitored by the Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence Technique.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Clinico-radiological and pulmonary function assessment of post-COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Potential pathophysiological role of the ion channel TRPM3 in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and the therapeutic effect of low-dose naltrexone.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional and psychological parameters in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) patients.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Investigating distributions of inhaled aerosols in the lungs of post-COVID-19 clusters through a unified imaging and modeling approach.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2024Article
- Post-COVID dysautonomias: what we know and (mainly) what we don't know.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Article
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Comorbidities: Linked by Vascular Pathomechanisms and Vasoactive Mediators?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dyspnea, shortness of breath, and chest pain are frequent symptoms of post-COVID syndrome (PCS). These symptoms are unrelated to organ damage in most patients after mild acute COVID infection. Hyperventilation has been identified as a cause of exercise-induced dyspnea in PCS. Since there is a broad overlap in symptomatology with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), causes for dyspnea and potential consequences can be deduced by a stringent application of assumptions made for ME/CFS in our recent review papers. One of the first stimuli of respiration in exercise is caused by metabolic feedback via skeletal muscle afferents. Hyperventilation in PCS, which occurs early on during exercise, can arise from a combined disturbance of a poor skeletal muscle energetic situation and autonomic dysfunction (overshooting respiratory response), both found in ME/CFS. The exaggerated respiratory response aggravating dyspnea does not only limit the ability to exercise but further impairs the muscular energetic situation: one of the buffering mechanisms to respiratory alkalosis is a proton shift from intracellular to extracellular space via the sodium-proton-exchanger subtype 1 (NHE1), thereby loading cells with sodium. This adds to two other sodium loading mechanisms already operative, namely glycolytic metabolism (intracellular acidosis) and impaired Na
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.