ReviewArchives of toxicology2022
Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update.
Review in Archives of toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Neurophysiological effects of latent trigger point dry needling on spinal reflexes.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Trial
- Neuroscience in prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Review
- Characterisation of the SNAP-25 and SNAP-23 cleavage properties of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Enterococcus.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Role of Microbial Toxins in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A case report of atypical type E botulism.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Tetanus Control in the United States and Global Disaster Settings: Public Health Disparities and Prevention Strategies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of [(8-hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)(phenyl)methylamino] benzoic acid regioisomers against human-intoxicating botulinum neurotoxin serotypes: computational modeling to in vivo protection.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Clostridial Neurotoxins: Passage of the Intestinal Barrier and Targeting of Specific Neuronal Cells.Toxins · 2026Review
- Bacterial zinc metalloproteases as facilitators of pathogenic success: a review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Probing the properties of PTEN specific botulinum toxin type E mutants.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Estimating risk of reported versus theoretical drug-drug interactions in headaches medicine: an exhaustive comparison between DrugBank and FAERS database for abortive and preventive combinations.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation of SNAP-25 at Ser187 is enhanced following its cleavage by Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A, promoting the dominant-negative effect of the resulting fragment.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Intrathecal monovalent fragments from two human monoclonal antibodies block tetanus neurotoxin in rodents.iScience · 2025Article
- Review
- Cold Plasma-Mediated Inactivation of Spore-Forming Microorganisms: Mechanisms, Quality Attributes, and Efficiency Parameters.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Structures of native SV2A reveal the binding mode for tetanus neurotoxin and anti-epileptic racetams.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Botulinum Toxin Type A Exerts Direct Trans-Synaptic Action at Bilateral Spinal Nociceptive Circuits.Toxins · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins cause the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus and botulism, respectively, by delivering inside different types of neurons, metalloproteases specifically cleaving the SNARE proteins that are essential for the release of neurotransmitters. Research on their mechanism of action is intensively carried out in order to devise improved therapies based on antibodies and chemical drugs. Recently, major results have been obtained with human monoclonal antibodies and with single chain antibodies that have allowed one to neutralize the metalloprotease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A1 inside neurons. In addition, a method has been devised to induce a rapid molecular evolution of the metalloprotease domain of botulinum neurotoxin followed by selection driven to re-target the metalloprotease activity versus novel targets with respect to the SNARE proteins. At the same time, an intense and wide spectrum clinical research on novel therapeutics based on botulinum neurotoxins is carried out, which are also reviewed here.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.