ReviewGlobal spine journal2022
Adverse Events Relating to Prolonged Hard Collar Immobilisation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Global spine journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cervical spine immobilisation following blunt trauma in pre-hospital and emergency care: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Surgical versus conservative treatment of odontoid fractures in the elderly: A randomized controlled clinical study (SCORE).PloS one · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling for Managing Postoperative Axial Symptoms After Cervical Laminoplasty: A Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Cervical Collar in Adult Trauma: Evidence, Controversies, and Clinical Decision-Making.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Review
- Comparison of Cervical Spine Injury Clinical Prediction Rules for Children After Blunt Trauma.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Odontoid Fractures: A Review of the Current State of the Art.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Change from semi-rigid to soft collars for prehospital management of trauma patients: An observational study.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Segmental Slope is a Predictor of Fusion Rate in Single Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- Analysis of risk factors for axial symptoms after posterior cervical open-door laminoplasty.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
objectiveTo evaluate systematically the complications of prolonged cervical immobilisation in a hard collar.
methodsFollowing registration with PROSPERO, a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened the search results according to pre-determined search criteria. Data was extracted and tabulated. Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for assessing the quality of included studies.
resultsThe search identified 773 articles. A total of 25 studies were selected for final inclusion. The results largely comprised a mixture of case reports/series, cohort studies and reviews. The most commonly reported complications were pressure ulcers, dysphagia and increased intracranial pressure. A pressure ulcer pooled prevalence of 7% was calculated. There was insufficient data for quantitative analysis of any other complication.
conclusionsThere is significant morbidity from prolonged hard collar immobilisation, even amongst younger patients. Whilst based upon limited and low-quality evidence, these findings, combined with the low-quality evidence for the efficacy of hard collars, highlights a knowledge gap for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.