SynthesisInternational urology and nephrology2022
Cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International urology and nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparison of the health-related outcomes for traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heat-not-burn cigarettes and snus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Targeting Modifiable Risks: Molecular Mechanisms and Population Burden of Lifestyle Factors on Male Genitourinary Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Association between smoking and colorectal cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Significant Incidental Findings in the National Lung Screening Trial and Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Association of electronic cigarette and conventional smoking with urogenital cancers: NHIS analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- The effect of toll like receptors in prognosis in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Oridonin Suppresses Bladder Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Inducing S-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Perioperative cognitive dysfunction in bladder cancer patients, causal factors, and possible interventions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Immune Signatures of Smoking: Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dysregulation and Partial Reversibility in a Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- SFRP2 mediates Epstein-Barr virus and bladder cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study and colocalization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of smoking in bladder cancer risk: Unveiling racial and ethnic disparities in US and global populations, a secondary dataset analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Validation of CxbladderResearch and reports in urology · 2025Article
- Contribution of smoking to the global burden of bladder cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2046.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Preventable cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Korea from 2015 to 2030.Epidemiology and health · 2025Article
- Review
- Identification and validation of cigarette smoking-related genes in predicting prostate cancer development through bioinformatic analysis and experiments.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Unexplained hematuria in direct oral anticoagulant use: a single-center retrospective case series.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe disease burden of bladder cancer is increasing worldwide; therefore, to deal with this situation, many studies on bladder cancer have been carried out extensively. Among these studies, the risk factors studies may provide a possible way to reduce the incidence of bladder cancer. Meta-analyses and original researches have confirmed that smoking is a risk factor of bladder cancer. However, the specific dose-response relationship between smoking and bladder cancer risk was still unclear. This meta-analysis addresses this research gap by summarizing the accumulated evidences, quantitatively.
methodsRelevant studies were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science database since inception until August 10, 2021, without restrictions. To obtain more comprehensive data, reference lists of identified articles were also browsed. Studies that reported risk estimates (relative risks (RR) or odds ratio (OR)) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) focusing on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer were included in a dose-response meta-analysis.
resultsA non-linear dose-response relationship was confirmed between cigarette smoking and risk of bladder cancer on the basis of 8 cohorts and 44 case-control studies. The summary relative risk of developing bladder cancer for 1 more cigarettes/day (7 cohorts and 24 case-control studies) was 1.039 (95% CI 1.038-1.040, I
conclusionA positive non-linear dose-response relationship is confirmed between all smoking intensity, pack-years of smoking, smoking duration(years) and the risk of bladder cancer, but the plateau only occurred when smoking intensity reached 20 cigarettes/day. Further studies should report more detailed results, including those for subtypes of gender, age, region and be stratified by other risk factors to rule out residual confounding.
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