ArticleReproductive health2022
Paternal smoking and preterm birth: a population-based retrospective cohort study among non-smoking women aged 20-49 years in rural China.
Article in Reproductive health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The health beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of males toward pregnancy planning and preconception health and care: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Paternal preconception modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a review of contemporary evidence from observational studies.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond Genes: Mechanistic and Epidemiological Insights into Paternal Environmental Influence on Offspring Health.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Parental health at preconception and gestational age at birth: evidence from a population-based cohort using double machine learning.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2025Article
- Secondhand smoke prevention through the perceptions of pregnant women with smoking family members: a Thailand study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Article
- Review
- Exploring the association between non-regular employment and adverse birth outcomes: an analysis of national data in Japan.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Prenatal Environmental Tobacco Smoking (ETS) and Exposure on Chinese Children: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association between infant mortality and parental educational level: An analysis of data from Vital Statistics and Census in Japan.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo comprehensively evaluate the association of paternal smoking and preterm birth (PTB).
methodsWe performed a population-based retrospective cohort study in rural areas of China among 5,298,043 reproductive-aged couples who participated in the National Free Pre-Pregnancy Checkups Project (NFPCP), regarding outcome events that occurred in 2010-2016. Multivariate Cox proportional regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confident intervals (95%CI), and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to estimate the dose-response relationship.
resultsCompared to neither-smoker couples, the fully adjusted HR for PTB was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.04), 1.08 (0.96-1.22), and 1.11 (1.03-1.19) in the couples where only the female smoked, only the male smoked and both, respectively. HR of PTB for paternal smoking was 1.07 (1.06-1.07), compared with women without paternal smoking. Consistent with paternal smoking, preconception paternal smoking showed 1.07-fold higher risk of PTB (95%CI, 1.06-1.09). The multivariable-adjusted HRs of PTB were 1.05 (1.03-1.06), 1.04 (1.03-1.05), 1.05 (1.04-1.07), 1.07 (1.05-1.10) and 1.13 (1.12-1.14) for participants whose husband smoked 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, and ≥ 20 cigarettes/day respectively, compared with participants without paternal smoking. The HRs of PTB also increased with the increment of paternal smoking and preconception paternal smoking categories (P
conclusionsPaternal smoking and preconception paternal smoking was independently positively associated with PTB risk. The importance of tobacco control, should be emphasized during preconception and pregnancy counselling should be towards not only women but also their husband.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.