ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2022
Subcortical Brain Development in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome: Evidence for Dynamic, Age- and Disorder-Specific Trajectories in Infancy.
Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Identification of Autism Using Cry Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Retrospective and Prospective Studies.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Presymptomatic Biological, Structural, and Functional Diagnostic Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of very early interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants and toddlers at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Pooled it
- Unraveling the Individualized Shared and Distinct Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder and Fragile X Syndrome.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- BIBSNet: A deep learning baby image brain segmentation network for MRI scans.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cerebral Cortex Morphometry and Relaxometry in Male Children With Fragile X Syndrome and Autism.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Age-varying distinct neuroanatomy in young children with autism spectrum disorder and fragile X syndrome.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Single-Cell Gene Module Inference Reveals Alternative Polyadenylation Dynamics Associated with Autism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Convergence and divergence of genes informed by common and rare variants of autism spectrum disorders in tissue-specific pathways and gene networks.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Loss of Necdin causes social deficit and aberrant synaptic function through destabilization of SynGAP.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid volumes from 6 to 24 months of age are associated with poorer executive function at school-age in children with and without autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Inverse Association of Locus Coeruleus MRI Integrity With Structural Volume and Its Impact on Individual's Inattentiveness.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Distinct and shared intrinsic resting-state functional networks in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder and fragile X syndrome.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Directional flow of brain connections and neurodevelopmental outcomes in healthy full-term newborns.Neuroscience letters · 2025Article
- Assessment of Brain Morphological Abnormalities and Neurodevelopmental Risk Copy Number Variants in Individuals from the UK Biobank.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Blueprint for Translational Precision Medicine in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Related Neurogenetic Syndromes.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Functional connectivity between the visual and salience networks and autistic social features at school-age.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Automatic Cry Analysis: Deep Learning for Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Early Childhood.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Behavioral benefits of GSK-3β inhibition and state-dependent microtubule signatures in theFrontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Comparative profiling of white matter development in the human and mouse brain reveals volumetric deficits and delayed myelination in Angelman syndrome.Molecular autism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Mark D ShenCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Meghan R SwansonCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Jason J WolffCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Jed T ElisonCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Jessica B GiraultCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Sun Hyung KimCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Rachel G SmithCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Michael M GravesCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Leigh Anne H WeisenfeldCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Lisa FlakeCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Leigh MacIntyreCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Julia L GrossCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Catherine A BurrowsCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Vladimir S FonovCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
D Louis CollinsCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Alan C EvansCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Guido GerigCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Robert C McKinstryCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Juhi PandeyCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Tanya St JohnCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Lonnie ZwaigenbaumCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Annette M EstesCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Stephen R DagerCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Robert T SchultzCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Martin A StynerCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Kelly N BotteronCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Heather C HazlettCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
Joseph PivenCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
IBIS NetworkCarolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities and Department of Psychiatry (Shen, Girault, Kim, Smith, Graves, Weisenfeld, Gross, Styner, Hazlett, Piven) and UNC Neuroscience Center (Shen), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill; Department of Educational Psychology (Wolff), Institute of Child Development (Elison), and Department of Pediatrics (Elison, Burrows), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (Flake, McKinstry, Botteron); Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle (Dager); Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (Pandey, Schultz); Computer Science and Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York (Gerig); Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal (MacIntyre, Fonov, Collins, Evans); Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (Zwaigenbaum); Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Washington, Seattle (St. John, Estes); School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas (Swanson).
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US
Funding
Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing cortical surface area overgrowth in iPSC-derived neural cells from longitudinally characterized individuals with autismR01HD055741 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Joseph Piven · 2007 to 2026
$52.6MMRI-Based Presymptomatic Prediction of ASD, and Early Infant to School-Age Brain-Behavior Trajectories, Mechanisms, and Related OutcomesR01MH118362 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI John R Pruett · 2019 to 2026
$16.3MPreclinical CoreP50HD103573 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GABRIEL S DICHTER · 2020 to 2026
$9.7MUNC BIRCWH CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMK12HD001441 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BOGGESS, KIM A · 2000 to 2019
$9.3MThe Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) at CHOP/PennP50HD105354 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI Michael Byrne Robinson · 2021 to 2026
$9.2MUniv of Minnesota Buidling Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's HealthK12HD055887 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI ALLEN, SHARON S, BERGE, JERICA M · 2007 to 2023
$8.6MPostdoctoral Research in Neurodevelopmental DisordersT32HD040127 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BENJAMIN D PHILPOT, Mark D Shen · 2001 to 2026
$8.5MPreclinical CoreU54HD079124 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BELGER, AYSENIL · 2013 to 2019
$8.0MThe Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at CHOP/PennU54HD086984 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI PUTT, MARY E. · 2016 to 2020
$6.3MShape Analysis Toolbox: From medical images to quantitative insights of anatomyR01EB021391 · NIBIB · KITWARE, INC. · PI PANIAGUA, BEATRIZ · 2016 to 2024
$3.5MA Longitudinal MRI Study of Brain Development in Fragile X SyndromeR01HD059854 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HAZLETT, HEATHER CODY · 2009 to 2014
$2.9MUniversity of MN Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's HealthK12AR084223 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI SHARON S ALLEN, Kristen Patricia Mark · 2023 to 2026
$2.2MNIAMS NIH HHS K12 AR084223NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB021391NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD001441NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD055887NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103573NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105354NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD055741NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD059854NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD040127NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD079124NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD086984NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH122779NIMH NIH HHS L40 MH127628NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118362
Abstract
objectivePrevious research has demonstrated that the amygdala is enlarged in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the precise onset of this enlargement during infancy, how it relates to later diagnostic behaviors, whether the timing of enlargement in infancy is specific to the amygdala, and whether it is specific to ASD (or present in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as fragile X syndrome) are all unknown.
methodsLongitudinal MRIs were acquired at 6-24 months of age in 29 infants with fragile X syndrome, 58 infants at high likelihood for ASD who were later diagnosed with ASD, 212 high-likelihood infants not diagnosed with ASD, and 109 control infants (1,099 total scans).
resultsInfants who developed ASD had typically sized amygdala volumes at 6 months, but exhibited significantly faster amygdala growth between 6 and 24 months, such that by 12 months the ASD group had significantly larger amygdala volume (Cohen's d=0.56) compared with all other groups. Amygdala growth rate between 6 and 12 months was significantly associated with greater social deficits at 24 months when the infants were diagnosed with ASD. Infants with fragile X syndrome had a persistent and significantly enlarged caudate volume at all ages between 6 and 24 months (d=2.12), compared with all other groups, which was significantly associated with greater repetitive behaviors.
conclusionsThis is the first MRI study comparing fragile X syndrome and ASD in infancy, demonstrating strikingly different patterns of brain and behavior development. Fragile X syndrome-related changes were present from 6 months of age, whereas ASD-related changes unfolded over the first 2 years of life, starting with no detectable group differences at 6 months. Increased amygdala growth rate between 6 and 12 months occurs prior to social deficits and well before diagnosis. This gradual onset of brain and behavior changes in ASD, but not fragile X syndrome, suggests an age- and disorder-specific pattern of cascading brain changes preceding autism diagnosis.
Indexed as
Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderFragile X SyndromeAdolescentAdultBrainChildChild, PreschoolHumansInfantMagnetic Resonance ImagingYoung AdultAmygdalaAutism Spectrum DisorderCaudateFragile X SyndromeNeurodevelopmental DisordersNeuroimaging
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.