Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
High Levels of Cerebrospinal Fluid Kappa Free Light Chains Relate to IgM Intrathecal Synthesis and Might Have Prognostic Implications in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- External validation of KFLC index threshold for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in a French cohort.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative and inflammatory biomarkers are detectable in saliva in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Kappa Index predicts disease activity and transition to high-efficacy therapies in multiple sclerosis.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2026Article
- Intrathecal Kappa Free Light Chains in Relation to IgM Synthesis and MRZH Reaction in a Mixed Neurological Cohort.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Optimized Kappa-Index Test Protocol to Detect Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Kappa free light chain index as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Real-World Laboratory Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Centers in Central-Eastern European Countries Covering 107 Million Inhabitants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- IgG and kappa free light chain CSF/serum indices: evaluating intrathecal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with multiple sclerosis.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index Predicts Disease Course in Clinically and Radiologically Isolated Syndromes.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Intrathecal kappa free light chain synthesis is associated with worse prognosis in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- The CXCL13 Index as a Predictive Biomarker for Activity in Clinically Isolated Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- High levels of kappa free light chain synthesis predict cognitive decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Kappa free light chains index in multiple sclerosis very long-term prognosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Observational
- Oligoclonal M bands and cervical spinal cord lesions predict early secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebrospinal kappa free light chain (KFLC)-index is a marker of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis that aids in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little evidence exists on its prognostic role. Our aim is to analyze the relationship between KFLC-index and other MS biomarkers and to explore its prognostic role. This is a monocentric observational study in a cohort of 52 people with relapsing MS (pwRMS) performed on prospectively acquired clinical data and with retrospective evaluation of biomarkers. We measured KFLC-index, immunoglobulin intrathecal synthesis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), and neurofilament light protein (NFL) and reviewed MRI to detect leptomeningeal contrast enhancement (LMCE). We compared time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 3 and to initiation of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (heDMTs) by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Median KFLC-index correlated with IgG/IgM indexes (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.