ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing local brain activity and distant functional connectivity in transgender women compared to cisgender controls.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hippocampal subfield volume differences between female-to-male transgender individuals with cross-sex hormone therapy and cisgender women.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Enduring prenatal androgen effects on the female brain.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- White matter variations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: possible implications for glucocorticoid treatment.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Kidney transplantation for a transgender male.CEN case reports · 2023Article
- Sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among the transgender population of Pakistan.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Accurate sex prediction of cisgender and transgender individuals without brain size bias.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Transgender people report discomfort with their birth sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The current study was designed to shed further light on the question of whether the brains of transgender people resemble their birth sex or their gender identity. For this purpose, we analyzed a sample of 24 cisgender men, 24 cisgender women, and 24 transgender women before gender-affirming hormone therapy. We employed a recently developed multivariate classifier that yields a continuous probabilistic (rather than a binary) estimate for brains to be male or female. The brains of transgender women ranged between cisgender men and cisgender women (albeit still closer to cisgender men), and the differences to both cisgender men and to cisgender women were significant (p = 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively). These findings add support to the notion that the underlying brain anatomy in transgender people is shifted away from their biological sex towards their gender identity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.