Observational studyInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Differences in Outpatient Health Care Utilization 12 Months after COVID-19 Infection by Race/Ethnicity and Community Social Vulnerability.
Observational study in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health care utilization before and after COVID-19 diagnosis: a multidisease matched-cohort study by sociodemographic factors.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Investigating Disparities in Physical Therapy Utilization: An Intersectionality Perspective.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Minority health social vulnerability index and long COVID illness among a statewide, population-based study of adults with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed SARS-CoV-2.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- COVID-19 status and utilisation of essential maternal and child healthcare services during the pandemic in Ahmedabad, India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Social Vulnerability Index and All-Cause Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke, Medicare Cohort 2020-2023.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Changes in Utilization and Expenditures Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Findings.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Healthcare utilization 9 months pre- and post- COVID-19 hospitalization among patients discharged alive.PloS one · 2024Article
- Accessing Care Services for Long COVID Sufferers in Alberta, Canada: A Random, Cross-Sectional Survey Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- Changes in health care utilization among Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes two years into the COVID-19 pandemic.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Tele-education model for primary care providers to advance diabetes equity: Findings from Project ECHO Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Long-COVID Among Low-Income and Marginalized Groups: Evidence From Israel.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Cultivating informatics capacity for multimorbidity: A learning health systems use case.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ensuring access to high-quality outpatient care is an important strategy to improve COVID-19 outcomes, reduce social inequities, and prevent potentially expensive complications of disease. This study assesses the equity of health care response to COVID-19 by examining outpatient care utilization by factors at the individual and community levels in the 12 months prior to and following COVID-19 diagnosis. Employing a retrospective, observational cohort design, we analyzed electronic health record data from a sample of 11,326 adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and July 2020. We used two-part models to estimate changes in use of primary and specialty care by race/ethnicity and community social vulnerability in the year before and after COVID-19 diagnosis. Our findings showed that while overall probability and counts of primary and specialty care visits increased following a positive COVID-19 diagnosis, disparities in care utilization by race/ethnicity and living in a socially vulnerable community persisted in the year that followed. These findings reiterate the need for strategic approaches to improve access to and utilization of care among those diagnosed with COVID-19, especially for individuals who are traditionally undeserved by the health system. Our findings also highlight the importance of systematic approaches for addressing social inequity in health care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.