ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Depression before and during-COVID-19 by Gender in the Korean Population.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Illness perception, family resilience, and emotional distress among hospitalized older adults with multimorbidity in Xinjiang, China: a latent profile and mediation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Operatively Treated Pelvic Trauma Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Depressive symptomatology in Brazil: perspectives of statistical and psychometrics analyses of the PHQ-9 at four time-points (2020-2023) in the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Effect of a smartphone-based physical intervention on depression, fitness factors and movement characteristics in adults.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association Between Sickness Presenteeism and Depressive Symptoms by Occupation and Employment Type During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Safety and health at work · 2024Article
- Temporal dynamics of socioeconomic inequalities in depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The association between health literacy and screening for disease-specific complications among community-dwelling adults with diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Association between depression, anemia and physical activity using isotemporal substitution analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Age at onset of alcohol consumption and its association with alcohol misuse in adulthood.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2023Article
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and Related Dysautonomia: Reduced Quality of Life, Increased Anxiety and Manifestation of Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from Greece.Acta medica Lituanic · 2023Article
- Short- and Long-Term Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide-Related Mental Health in Korean Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Level of Physical Activity in Colombian University Workers: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Research on the Design Strategy of Healing Products for Anxious Users during COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- One-Size-Fits-All Policies Are Unacceptable: A Sustainable Management and Decision-Making Model for Schools in the Post-COVID-19 Era.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessing Knowledge, Preventive Practices, and Depression Among Chinese International Students and Local Korean Students in South Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study explored the association between Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and depression by comparing Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) results pre-pandemic (2019) and after the start of the pandemic (2020). Data of 444,051 participants (200,206 male (45.1%); 243,845 female (54.9%)) were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey conducted from 2019 to 2020. The independent variable of interest in this study was the year, divided into binary categories, 2019 and 2020. The dependent variable was depression, measured by the PHQ-9 scale. This dependent variable was also binary, dividing those who are considered depressed or not by a cut-off score of 10. A logistic regression model was employed to examine the association. Our results reveal that compared to participants in 2019, patients from the study sample of 2020 were marginally more likely to be depressed, especially female patients (male OR: 1.092, 95% CI [0.998 to 1.195], female OR: 1.066, 95% CI [1.002 to 1.134]). Moreover, using the participants from the year 2019 as a reference group, those who appeared anxious in response to the COVID-19-related questions in the survey showed more tendency to have a PHQ-9 score of 10 or more. Compared to participants from the 2019 group, those from 2020 more likely to be depressed were those with no-one to contact in case of emergency due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.45, 95% CI [1.26 to 1.66], female OR: 1.46, 95% CI [1.33 to 1.60]), and individuals with concerns regarding economic loss (male OR: 1.18, 95% CI [1.07 to 1.30], female OR: 1.11, 95% CI [1.04 to 1.18]) and infection of a vulnerable family member at home due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05 to 1.28], female OR: 1.09, 95% CI [ 1.02 to 1.16]).
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