ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Maternal Factors Affecting the Macronutrient Composition of Transitional Human Milk.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prenatal exercise interventions result in subtle changes in the human breast milk metabolome and lipidome 7-14 days postpartum: exploratory analyses of the FitMum randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Trial
- Impact of breast milk composition on nutritional status of term neonates with congenital heart defects: A prospective study.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Adiposity-dependent adipokine-immunoglobulin interplay in mature breast milk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Improving the composition of donor milk using machine learning and optimisation techniques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Factors That May Affect Breast Milk Macronutrient and Energy Content: A Critical Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding: The Multifaceted Impact on Child Development and Maternal Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Neonatal factors associated with early weaning in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2024Article
- Effects of Maternal Stress on Breast Milk Production and the Microbiota of Very Premature Infants.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Psychological Suffering, Value of Maternal Cortisol during Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Initiation.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant's Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Human Breast Milk: The Key Role in the Maturation of Immune, Gastrointestinal and Central Nervous Systems: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
This study investigated the influence of selected maternal factors on the macronutrient composition and energy of human milk (HM). The study enrolled 159 breastfeeding mothers from five postpartum care centers in Seoul, Korea. Their gestational weeks were 37−42 weeks, they had no complications before and after childbirth, and were at 7−14 days postpartum. They provided data using structured questionnaires on general characteristics, stress, sleep quality, spousal support, and dietary intake. Breastfeeding assessment (LATCH) was investigated by qualified nurses, and each mother provided one sample of HM. The HM composition was analyzed using the Miris® HM analyzer. The relationships between variables were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, and a linear regression analysis was performed to verify the main variables. It was found that maternal dietary intake was related to HM composition as the %energy from carbohydrates (β = 0.86, p < 0.01) and %energy from fat (β = 0.77, p < 0.05) showed positive relationships with HM energy. The LATCH score was positively related to HM energy (β = 0.17, p < 0.05). In contrast, postpartum stress, sleep quality, and spousal support were not associated with HM macronutrient composition. In conclusion, HM macronutrients and energy content were associated with maternal dietary intake and LATCH scores, but not with postpartum stress, sleep quality, and spousal support.
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