ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Multicellular Modelling of Difficult-to-Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Possibilities and Challenges.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impact of antibiotic use in gastrointestinal tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Zebrafish xenograft models as a fast platform for metastasis diagnosis and cisplatin response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived Organoids in Gastrointestinal Disease: Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Close-to-Patient Models for Gastric Cancer: From Patient-Derived Xenograft Towards a Novel Gastric Cancer Mini-Tumor Model.OncoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Small molecules enhance the high-efficiency generation of pancreatic ductal organoids.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- Recent advances in lung cancer organoid (tumoroid) research (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Targeted Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: A New Era of Precision Medicine.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insights and future perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Research progress on the application of organoids in gynecological tumors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Post-translational modifications of histones: Mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets.MedComm · 2023Review
- Proposing new early detection indicators for pancreatic cancer: Combining machine learning and neural networks for serum miRNA-based diagnostic model.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancers affecting the gastrointestinal system are highly prevalent and their incidence is still increasing. Among them, gastric and pancreatic cancers have a dismal prognosis (survival of 5-20%) and are defined as difficult-to-treat cancers. This reflects the urge for novel therapeutic targets and aims for personalised therapies. As a prerequisite for identifying targets and test therapeutic interventions, the development of well-established, translational and reliable preclinical research models is instrumental. This review discusses the development, advantages and limitations of both patient-derived organoids (PDO) and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). First and next generation multicellular PDO/PDX models are believed to faithfully generate a patient-specific avatar in a preclinical setting, opening novel therapeutic directions for these difficult-to-treat cancers. Excitingly, future opportunities such as PDO co-cultures with immune or stromal cells, organoid-on-a-chip models and humanised PDXs are the basis of a completely new area, offering close-to-human models. These tools can be exploited to understand cancer heterogeneity, which is indispensable to pave the way towards more tumour-specific therapies and, with that, better survival for patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.