ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Decreased Intrathecal Concentrations of Free Light Chains Kappa in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Taking Very High Effective Disease-Modifying Treatment.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07183020 (Prospective, Multicentric, Real-world Investigation of Kappa Free Light Chains), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prospective, Multicentric, Real-world Investigation of Kappa Free Light Chains (KFLC) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Kappa Free Light Chain for Diagnosis and Neurofilament Light Chain for Prognosis in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Intrathecal immunoglobulin production in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Value of the Kappa Free Light Chain Index to Distinguish MOGAD, NMOSD, and MS.Neurology · 2026Article
- Kappa Free Light Chains Reflect Treatment Response and Progression Independent of Focal Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory CNS diseases: a pilot single-center study from Argentina.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kappa index: real-world study for assessing cut-off values that provide the best accuracy for multiple sclerosis diagnosis in patients with CIS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The case for targeting latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Kappa free light chain concentration in serum is reduced after CD20-depletion with ocrelizumab.Neurological research and practice · 2025Article
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index Correlates With Prognostic Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis and Decreases Slowly Following Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Prognostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- IgG and kappa free light chain CSF/serum indices: evaluating intrathecal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with multiple sclerosis.Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine · 2024Article
- Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- High levels of kappa free light chain synthesis predict cognitive decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Free light chains kappa (FLCκ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are a part of the intrathecal immune response. This observational study was conducted to investigate the effects of different disease-modifying therapies (DMT) on the humoral intrathecal immune response in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). FLCκ were analyzed in CSF and serum samples from MS patients taking DMT (n = 60) and those in a control cohort of treatment-naïve MS patients (n = 90). DMT was classified as moderately effective (including INFß-1a, INFß-1b, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, triamcinolone); highly effective (including fingolimod, daclizumab) and very highly effective (alemtuzumab, natalizumab, rituximab/ocrelizumab, mitoxantrone). FLCκ were measured using a nephelometric FLCκ kit. Intrathecal FLCκ and IgG concentrations were assessed in relation to the hyperbolic reference range in quotient diagrams. Intrathecal FLCκ concentrations and IgG concentrations were significantly lower in samples from the cohort of MS patients taking very highly effective DMT than in samples from the cohort of MS patients taking highly effective DMT and in the treatment-naïve cohort (FLCκ: p = 0.004, p < 0.0001 respectively/IgG: p = 0.013; p = 0.021). The reduction in FLCκ could contribute to an anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS through this mechanism. There was no difference in the appearance of CSF-specific oligoclonal bands (p = 0.830). Longitudinal analyses are required to confirm these results.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.