ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Socio-Economic and Environmental Determinants of Malnutrition in under Three Children: Evidence from PDHS-2018.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence, trends and inequalities of childhood undernutrition according to a Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping the digital determinants of health: a machine learning analysis of YouTube narratives on child undernutrition in Pakistan.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Modelling the impact of dietary diversity on child nutrition in Pakistan: a machine learning analysis with Shapley Additive exPlanations and Boruta interpretability.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Machine learning vs. traditional logistic regression: predictive performance and risk factor identification for child nutritional outcome in Pakistan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Geospatial analysis of diarrheal disease burden and associated health determinants among under-five children in Karnataka using NFHS data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Factors associated with inequalities in malnutrition among children in Ghana using the 2022 GDHS and WHO HEAT framework.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- What keeps children small, thin, and weak?: exploring the early childhood impacts of socioeconomic disadvantages in Pakistan.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential Causal Relationship Between Health Insurance Coverage and Child Nutritional Status in Pakistan: Evidence from PDHS-2018.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The law of diminishing marginal returns in health insurance: evidence on child health outcomes from Pakistan's Sehat Sahulat program.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- An observational, multigenerational platform for health systems and population health interventions to minimise intergenerational transmission of non-communicable diseases in India: the YUVAAN cohort study protocol.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Socio-ecological determinants of multiple anthropometric failures among under-five children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the determinants of malnutrition in 2-5 year Iranian children using structural equation modeling: national food and nutrition surveillance.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Identifying Individual and Household Level Predictors of Undernutrition Among 6-59 Months Children in Bangladesh: A Multivariate Approach.Public health challenges · 2024Article
- Association among Household Wealth, Maternal Employment, and Undernutrition in Children under Three Years of Age in Pakistan.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Malnutrition in children under five years in a squatter settlement of Karachi: a case-control study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Trends and inequity in improved sanitation facility utilisation in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Unraveling the South Asian enigma: concurrent manifestations of child anthropometric failures and their determinants in selected South Asian countries.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Impact of Drinking Water Source and Sanitation Facility on Malnutrition Prevalence in Children under Three: A Gender-Disaggregated Analysis Using PDHS 2017-18.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparison of Different Nutritional Screening Approaches and the Determinants of Malnutrition in Under-Five Children in a Marginalized District of Punjab Province, Pakistan.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis research investigates the association of malnutrition with social and economic factors in general and environmental factors in specific such as sanitation facilities and drinking water sources for Pakistan.
methodsAuthors used the latest data of 1010 Under-Three children from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-2018. Cumulative Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) was developed to measure the malnutrition status among children based on z-scores of WHZ, WAZ, and HAZ, respectively. The study has applied the discrete-choice logistic methodology to find the relationship of malnutrition with socio-economic characteristics. The interaction terms of drinking water source and sanitation facility have been measured to see the impact of environmental factors on child malnutrition.
resultsThe study results depict that the likelihood of malnutrition increases when the child had diarrhea recently and the child belongs to the deprived region such as KPK, Sind, and Baluchistan. However, the chances of child malnutrition drop with (1) an escalation of mothers' education, (2) a rise in wealth status of the household, and (3) the improved water source and sanitation facility in the household. The only water-improved sanitation category of the interaction term is significant in the model which depicts that households having both improved water and improved sanitation facilities had very fewer chances of malnutrition among their children.
conclusionAuthors conclude that malnutrition in younger children is associated with improved water as well as sanitation facilities, maternal education, and household wealth in Pakistan.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.