ReviewBiomedicines2022
Translational Approach to the Protective Effect of Bilirubin in Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indirect bilirubin mitigates tubular vacuolization and injury in experimental contrast nephropathy.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic significance of selected antibodies against advanced glycation end-products (anti-AGEs).Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Inflammation Effect in the Association Between Bilirubin and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Severe Tubular Atrophy/Interstitial Fibrosis in Patients with IgA Nephropathy: Multicenter Retrospective Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2025Article
- Indirect bilirubin is inversely associated with diabetic retinopathy risk and is a potential predictive biomarker.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- The Correlation Between Plasma Bilirubin Concentrations and Glomerular Filtration Rate and Creatinine in Type 2 Diabetes with Renal Damage.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2025Article
- Does Bilirubin Have a Causal Relationship With Vitiligo? A Mendelian Randomization Study and Bioinformatics Analysis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Association between physiological serum total bilirubin concentrations and the progression of diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Bilirubin, a hepatoprotective agent that activates SIRT1, PGC-1α, and PPAR-α, while inhibiting NF-κB in rats with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Bilirubin Concentration in Follicular Fluid Is Increased in Infertile Females, Correlates with Decreased Antioxidant Levels and Increased Nitric Oxide Metabolites, and Negatively Affects Outcome Measures of In Vitro Fertilization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Association between serum total bilirubin and diabetic kidney disease in US diabetic patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Signature of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bilirubin has been regarded as a powerful endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, able to act on cellular pathways as a hormone. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common chronic complication of diabetes, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Here, we will review the clinical and molecular features of mild hyperbilirubinemia in DKD. The pathogenesis of DKD involves oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Serum bilirubin levels are positively correlated with the levels of the antioxidative enzymes as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while it is inversely correlated with C-reactive protein, TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10 release in diabetic kidney disease. Bilirubin downregulates NADPH oxidase, reduces the induction of pro-fibrotic factor HIF-1α expression, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP induction showing lower DNA fragmentation. Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated its effects in the development and progression of renal diseases, pointing out that only very mild elevations of bilirubin concentrations result in real clinical benefits. Future controlled studies are needed to explore the precise role of bilirubin in the pathogenesis of DKD and to understand if the use of serum bilirubin levels as a marker of progression or therapeutic target in DKD is feasible and realistic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.