ReviewBiomedicines2022
The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-18 and interleukin-21 genes on the risk and clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of Immunoglobulins and Complement in the Stimulation of Neuronal Activity and Repair: Not as Simple as We Thought.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Review
- Healthy Diets and Lifestyles in the World: Mediterranean and Blue Zone People Live Longer. Special Focus on Gut Microbiota and Some Food Components.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- The Plasticity of Immune Cell Response Complicates Dissecting the Underlying Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of immunology research · 2024Review
- The role of B-1 cells in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- B-1 cells in immunotoxicology: Mechanisms underlying their response to chemicals and particles.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered a chronic autoimmune attack against the insulating myelin sheaths around axons. However, the exact etiology has not been identified and is likely multi-factorial. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that implies that autoimmune processes underlying MS may, in fact, be triggered by pathological processes initiated within the CNS. This review focuses on a relatively unexplored immune cell-the "innate-like" B1 lymphocyte. The B1 cell is a primary-natural-antibody- and anti-inflammatory-cytokine-producing cell present in the healthy brain. It has been recently shown that its frequency and function may differ between MS patients and healthy controls, but its exact involvement in the MS pathogenic process remains obscure. In this review, we propose that this enigmatic cell may play a more prominent role in MS pathology than ever imagined. We aim to shed light on the human B1 cell in health and disease, and how dysregulation in its delicate homeostatic role could impact MS. Furthermore, novel therapeutic avenues to restore B1 cells' beneficial functions will be proposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.