ArticleBiomedicines2022
Antitumor Effect and Induced Immune Response Following Exposure of Hexaminolevulinate and Blue Light in Combination with Checkpoint Inhibitor in an Orthotopic Model of Rat Bladder Cancer.
Article in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Enhanced survival through repeated photodynamic therapy and almost complete tumor regression by prior radiation therapy in an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Impact of Photodynamic Diagnosis on Immune Cell Infiltration in BCG-treated Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.European urology open science · 2026Article
- Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer-The Selection of Synthetic Photosensitizers.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Post-Operational Photodynamic Therapy of the Tumor Bed: Comparative Analysis for Cold Knife and Laser Scalpel Resection.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Immune Contexture Changes Following Blue Light Cystoscopy with Hexaminolevulinate in Bladder Cancer.European urology open science · 2023Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for Bladder Cancers, A Focused ReviewPhotochemistry and photobiology · 2023Review
- Photodynamic Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have found that use of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) and blue light cystoscopy (BLC) during treatment of bladder cancer had a positive impact on overall survival after later cystectomy, indicating a potential treatment effect beyond improved diagnostic accuracy. The aim of our study was to determine whether HAL and BL mimicking clinically relevant doses in an orthotopic rat model could have therapeutic effect by inducing modulation of a tumor-specific immune response. We also assessed whether administration with a checkpoint inhibitor could potentiate any effects observed. Rats were subjected to HAL BL alone and in combination with anti-PD-L1 and assessed for anti-tumor effects and effects on immune markers. Positive anti-tumor effect was observed in 63% and 31% of rats after, respectively, 12 and 30 days after the procedure, together with a localization effect of CD3+ and CD8+ cells after 30 days. Anti-tumor effect at 30 days increases from 31% up to 38% when combined with intravesical anti-PD-L1. In conclusion, our study demonstrated treatment effects with indications of systemic immune activation at diagnostic doses of HAL and blue light. The observed treatment effect seemed to be enhanced when used in combination with intravesically administrated immune checkpoint inhibitor.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.