ReviewCancers2022
Addressing the Elephant in the Immunotherapy Room: Effector T-Cell Priming versus Depletion of Regulatory T-Cells by Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy.
Review in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07083375 (A Phase II Clinical Trial of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab in Combination With Bevacizumab and Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Patients With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Iparomlimab and Tuvonralimab in Combination With Bevacizumab and Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Previously Untreated Patients With Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing the immune system in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Standard Versus Modified Ipilimumab, in Combination With Nivolumab, in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial (PRISM).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Narrative Review.Liver cancer · 2026Review
- Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis.mBio · 2026Article
- Bidirectional Interactions Between Immune Regulation and the Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Biophysical Characterization of an Engineered CD80 Variant for CTLA-4 Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy.The protein journal · 2026Article
- Immune-related adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma: organ-specific patterns and management approaches.Journal of liver cancer · 2026Review
- Pretreatment naive T cells are associated with severe irAE following PD-1/CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade for melanoma.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Mechanistic basis and therapeutic modulation of T cell fitness to enhance CAR-T cell efficacy in hematological malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Myeloid-derived PD-L1 characterizes spatially organized immune architecture in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for gastric cancer: current status, therapeutic challenges, and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint crosstalk: CTLA-4/CD80 engagement as a predictor of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy outcome in NSCLC.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pre-treatment naïve T cells are associated with severe irAE following PD-1/CTLA4 checkpoint blockade for melanoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- A novel anti-human CD25 mAb with preferential reactivity to activated T regulatory cells depletes them from the tumor microenvironment.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Organ-Specific Responses to Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- From Bench to Bladder: The Rise in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in the Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based Strategies for Tumor Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of T-cell Depletion in Tumors and Advances in Clinical Research.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Ocular Adnexal Sebaceous Carcinoma Reveals a Complex Tumor Microenvironment and Identifies New Biomarkers.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule highly expressed on regulatory T-cells (Tregs) that can inhibit the activation of effector T-cells. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can confer long-lasting clinical benefits in cancer patients as a single agent or in combination with other immunotherapy agents. However, patient response rates to anti-CTLA-4 are relatively low, and a high percentage of patients experience severe immune-related adverse events. Clinical use of anti-CTLA-4 has regained interest in recent years; however, the mechanism(s) of anti-CTLA-4 is not well understood. Although activating T-cells is regarded as the primary anti-tumor mechanism of anti-CTLA-4 therapies, mounting evidence in the literature suggests targeting intra-tumoral Tregs as the primary mechanism of action of these agents. Tregs in the tumor microenvironment can suppress the host anti-tumor immune responses through several cell contact-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Anti-CTLA-4 therapy can enhance the priming of T-cells by blockading CD80/86-CTLA-4 interactions or depleting Tregs through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis. This review will discuss proposed fundamental mechanisms of anti-CTLA-4 therapy, novel uses of anti-CTLA-4 in cancer treatment and approaches to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CTLA-4.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.