ArticleCancers2022
Tumor Infiltration Levels of CD3, Foxp3 (+) Lymphocytes and CD68 Macrophages at Diagnosis Predict 5-Year Disease-Specific Survival in Patients with Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in Cancers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct tumor microenvironment profiles characterize regressive versus progressive anal precancers.iScience · 2026Article
- Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes do not predict survival in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a single institution retrospective review.The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages in head and neck carcinoma: clinicopathological correlations and implications for immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Regulatory dynamics of Th17 lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: immune modulation and emerging immunotherapies.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Study on the impact of CD4Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- [Pathogenesis and treatment progression of myelodysplastic syndrome combined with BehçetZhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular markers for the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- ISG15/GRAIL1/CD3 axis influences survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Treatment-Related Lymphopenia is Possibly a Marker of Good Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: a Propensity-Score Matching Analysis.Cancer management and research · 2024Article
- Effects of macrophages in OSCC progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Prognostic Relevance of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Cervix Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- TheBiomedicines · 2023Article
- A Novel Role for the Soluble Isoform of CTLA-4 in Normal, Dysplastic and Neoplastic Oral and Oropharyngeal Epithelia.Cancers · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Density Evaluation Improves the Prognostic Values of Staging and p16 in Oropharyngeal Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Oropharyngeal (OP) cancers are of special interest because of possible underlying HPV infection which is tied to prognosis. Influxes of inflammatory cells into tumors may vary with prognoses. We wanted to study whether the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in tumors correlated to HPV status and predicted 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies cut sections from 170 patients treated for OP cancer were stained by immunohistochemistry and evaluated for the number of CD68 (+) TAMs, CD3 (+), and Foxp3 (+) (T regulatory) TILs. From FFPE slides HPV by PCR and p16 by immunohistochemistry were established. From FFPE Hematoxylin-Eosin slides, levels of tumor nuclear polymorphism, tumor invasion, desmoplasia, and inflammation were determined as previously published. Levels of TIL CD3 (+) and TIL Foxp3 (+) were increased among the HPV (+) compared to the HPV (-) patients. High levels of TIL Foxp3 (+) and CD68 (+) macrophages predicted better 5-year DSS. TIL Foxp3 (+) levels predicted independent of age, gender, TNM stage, and HPV infection as well as level of stromal desmoplasia, tumor invasion, and nuclear polymorphism, but more pronounced among tumor HPV (+) than HPV (-) patients.
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