ArticleCells2022
The Use of "Retardation" in FRAXA, FMRP, FMR1 and Other Designations.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Discovery to Innovative Translational Approaches in 80 Years of Fragile X Syndrome Research.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- C G composition in transposon-derived genes is increased in FXD with perturbed immune system.NAR molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Septotemporal Variation of Information Processing in the Hippocampus of Fmr1 KO Rat.Developmental neuroscience · 2024Article
- Quality of life of Brazilian families who have children with Fragile X syndrome: a descriptive study.Journal of community genetics · 2023Article
- Mouse models of fragile X-related disorders.Disease models & mechanisms · 2023Review
- Divergent presentation of anxiety in high-risk groups within the intellectual disability population.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Comment on Herring et al. The Use of "Retardation" in FRAXA, FMRP, FMR1 and Other Designations.Cells · 2022Article
- Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by lithium, a mechanism in search of specificity.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Combining affinity purification and mass spectrometry to define the network of the nuclear proteins interacting with the N-terminal region of FMRP.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- FMRP, a multifunctional RNA-binding protein in quest of a new identity.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The European Fragile X Network met in Wroclaw, Poland, November 2021, and agreed to work towards the eradication of the word "retardation" in regard to the naming of the fragile X gene (FRAXA) and protein (FMRP). There are further genes which have "retardation" or abbreviations for "retardation" in their names or full designations, including FMR1, FMR2, FXR1, FXR2, NUFIP1, AFF1, CYFIP1, etc. "Retardation" was commonly used as a term in years past, but now any reference, even in an abbreviation, is offensive. This article discusses the stigmatisation associated with "retardation", which leads to discrimination; the inaccuracy of using "retardation" in these designations; and the breadth of fragile X syndrome being beyond that of neurodiversity. A more inclusive terminology is called for, one which ceases to use any reference to "retardation". Precedents for offensive gene names being altered is set out. The proposal is to approach the HGNC (HUGO [Human Genome Organisation] Gene Nomenclature Committee) for new terminology to be enacted. Ideas from other researchers in the field are welcomed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.