ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Potential Impact of Oxidative Stress and Extracellular Vesicle on Macrophage Polarization and Function.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between history of pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol in the Treatment of COPD in the Elderly.Contrast media & molecular imaging · 2022Pooled it
- Integrated Metabolomic and Bioenergetic Profiling Reveals Axl as a Key Regulator of Macrophage Homeostasis.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Cooperation, Defection, and Collapse: A Multiscale Game Theory Framework for Emphysema Progression.Cells · 2026Review
- Smoker's Lungs: Quo Vadis? Exploring the Shared and Individual Smoking-Related Molecular Pathways of Emphysema, Carcinoma, and Fibrosis - An Illustrative Review.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Review
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Tracking macrophages by direct and indirectEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Blockade of the CCL2-CCR2 axis attenuates fibrosis and parasite load in vesicular echinococcosis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT pathway that regulates angiogenesis and hepatic stellate cell apoptosis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Targeting Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Synergistic Effects of Quercetin and Pirfenidone in Modulating Nrf2/PPAR-γ and TLR-4/NF-κB Pathways.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Proteomics-Based Study of Potential Emphysema Biomarkers Reveals Systemic Redox System and Extracellular Matrix Component Dysregulation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Discovery of Marine-Inspired Guanidine-Based PDE4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Ironing out COPD: ferroptosis-driven immune dysregulation, metabolic rewiring, and precision therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in COPD: immunomodulatory roles of gut microbiota and novel therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From clinical phenotypes to cellular mechanisms: a precision medicine framework for COPD.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression: Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Hyaluronic Acid Metabolism.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Epitranscriptomics, immunometabolism, and NETosis: unlocking novel mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in COPD.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- COPD-OSA overlap syndrome: inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms, biomarkers, and clinical implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress-driven epigenetic reprogramming of immune cells in COPD: from epitranscriptomic and metabolic crosstalk to treatable traits.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Advances, and Therapeutic Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common airway diseases, and it is considered a major global health problem. Macrophages are the most representative immune cells in the respiratory tract, given their role in surveying airways, removing cellular debris, immune surveillance, and resolving inflammation. Macrophages exert their functions by adopting phenotypical changes based on the stimuli they receive from the surrounding tissue. This plasticity is described as M1/M2 macrophage polarization, which consists of a strictly coordinated process leading to a difference in the expression of surface markers, the production of specific factors, and the execution of biological activities. This review focuses on the role played by macrophages in COPD and their implication in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. Particular attention is on macrophage polarization, given macrophage plasticity is a key feature in COPD. We also discuss the regulatory influence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell communications. EV composition and cargo may influence many COPD-related aspects, including inflammation, tissue remodeling, and macrophage dysfunctions. These findings could be useful for better addressing the role of macrophages in the complex pathogenesis and outcomes of COPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.