ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2022
Acute acquired comitant esotropia precipitated by excessive near work during the COVID-19-induced home confinement.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Augmented medial rectus recession versus botulinum toxin therapy for acute acquired comitant esotropia: analysis of outcomes and recurrence predictors.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Combined Accommodation and Fusional Training Paradigm Versus Prism Correction for Small-Angle Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia: A Cohort Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Acute acquired comitant esotropia in the smartphone era: a narrative review.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Risk factors and predictors for botulinum toxin type A reinjection within six months in patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy, safety, and success factors of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Adult-Acquired Esotropia: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Outcomes of a Novel Surgical Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Binasal occlusion for the non-invasive management of acute acquired comitant esotropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Compensatory versus non-compensatory types in myopic acute acquired comitant esotropia: a new classification based on fusion ability at the far point.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic and the abrupt changes in the reported cases of acute acquired comitant esotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The difference in clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia between adolescents and adults: a prospective observational cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Impact of prolonged digital device use on acquired comitant esotropia: ACE-DD study 2.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Botulinum toxin A as a treatment modality for acute acquired comitant esotropia - An Indian perspective.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Botulinum toxin-A in acute acquired comitant esotropia during COVID pandemic in children and young adolescents.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Factors affecting outcome of acquired comitant esotropia with restricted use of digital devices: ACEDD Study 3.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Observational
- Effects of cycloplegia on crystalline lens morphology and location in acute acquired concomitant esotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Observational
- Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Clinical characteristics of acute acquired concomitant esotropia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Clinical features and change in incidence of acute acquired comitant esotropia: a 15-year single-centre study in South Korea.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Still an Unsolved Question: The Place of Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Botulinum toxin type A in treating early-stage patients with small-angle acute acquired comitant esotropia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the causes of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) in young adults and children in the setting of COVID-19-induced home confinement. Methods: A retrospective, clinical study of all patients, who presented to the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus services of a tertiary eye care center in South India from August 2020 to January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic, with acute-onset, comitant esotropia. Results: 11 (73.3%) of the total 15 patients were students, above 10 years and with a mean age of 16.8 years. 12 patients (80%) had more than 8 hours of near activity a day with a mean duration of 8.6 hours per day. The most common near activity was online classes, followed by job-related work and mobile games, and 86.7% used smartphones for near work. The average esotropia was 22.73 prism diopter (PD) for distance and 18.73 PD for near. Majority (66.6%) had hyperopia with basic or divergence insufficiency esotropia, and the remaining 33.3% had myopia and fitted in to the Bielschowsky type AACE. There was no precipitating event other than sustained near work in all, except in one patient who also had fever prior to the onset of esotropia. Conclusion: The habit of long-time and sustained near work, especially on smartphones, may increase the risk of inducement of AACE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.