ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2022
Plant-based expression and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles presenting a native spike protein.
Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Bacteriophage P22 Virus-Like Particles as Nanoscale Protein Scaffolds for Plant Synthetic Biology.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Protein engineering strategies to optimise recombinant product synthesis and accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Nicotiana benthamiana as a Source of Cowpea Mosaic Virus-Derived Particles That Specifically Package Designer RNAs.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Posttranslational modifications of heterologous proteins expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Rice Traits Containing H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza HA Protein Before Commercialization.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Natural peptidoglycan nanoparticles enable rapid antigen purification and potent delivery of plant-derived vaccines.Plant communications · 2025Article
- How Can Plant-Derived Natural Products and Plant Biotechnology Help Against Emerging Viruses?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Rice-derived SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein S1 subunit vaccine elicits humoral and cellular immune responses.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Viral vector-based transient expression systems for plant biotechnology research at PUIs.Frontiers in education · 2025Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of transgenic rice lines expressing CSFV E2 protein in genetic stability, environmental safety and field adaptation.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Rapid and Scalable Production of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) by a Stable HEK293 Cell Pool.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Recombinant neutralizing secretory IgA antibodies for preventing mucosal acquisition and transmission of SARS-CoV-2.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Implications of O-glycan modifications in the hinge region of a plant-produced SARS-CoV-2-IgA antibody on functionality.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Advances in Subcellular Accumulation Design for Recombinant Protein Production in Tobacco.Biodesign research · 2024Review
- Green Biologics: Harnessing the Power of Plants to Produce Pharmaceuticals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pseudotyping Improves the Yield of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles (VLPs) as Tools for Vaccine and Therapeutic Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Production of Plant-Derived Japanese Encephalitis Virus Multi-Epitope Peptide inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We have investigated the use of transient expression to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of COVID-19, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression of a native form of the spike (S) protein, either alone or in combination with the envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins, all of which were directed to the plant membranes via their native sequences, was assessed. The full-length S protein, together with degradation products, could be detected in total protein extracts from infiltrated leaves in both cases. Particles with a characteristic 'crown-shaped' or 'spiky' structure could be purified by density gradient centrifugation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using anti-S antibodies showed that threefold higher levels of VLPs containing the full-length S protein were obtained by infiltration with S alone, compared to co-infiltration of S with M and E. The S protein within the VLPs could be cleaved by furin in vitro and the particles showed reactivity with serum from recovering COVID-19 patients, but not with human serum taken before the pandemic. These studies show that the native S protein expressed in plants has biological properties similar to those of the parent virus. We show that the approach undertaken is suitable for the production of VLPs from emerging strains and we anticipate that the material will be suitable for functional studies of the S protein, including the assessment of the effects of specific mutations. As the plant-made material is noninfectious, it does not have to be handled under conditions of high containment.
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Registered trials
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